The significance of Brevibacillus has been documented scientifically in the published literature and commercially in heterologous recombinant protein catalogs. Brevibacillus is one of the most widespread genera of Gram-positive bacteria, recorded from the diverse environmental habitats. The high growth rate, better transformation efficiency by electroporation, availability of shuttle vectors, production of negligible amount of extracellular protease, and the constitutive expression of heterologous proteins make some strains of this genus excellent laboratory models. Regarding biotechnological applications, this genus continues to be a source of various enzymes of great biotechnological interest due to their ability to biodegrade low density polyethylene, ability to act as a candidate bio-control agent, and more recently acknowledged as a tool for the overexpression. This article reviews the properties of Brevibacillus spp. as better biological tools with varied applications.

The present study aimed to synthesis of SNPs (Silver Nanoparticles) or (Green-Silver) in aqueous medium using leaf extracts of Ocimum sanctum L. The synthesized silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were characterized by the different techniques such as UV-vis Spectrophotometer, XRD, FTIR and TEM. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles were confirmed due to the SPR optical absorption band peak at ~440 nm by UV-vis spectrophotometer, nearly 15-45 nm in diameter with spherical in shape by TEM, high crystalline with the Bragg peaks of (111), (200), (220) and (311) plane as the predominant orientation by XRD and FTIR confirmed the presence of methoxy and allyl groups in SNPs. The reduction of Ag metal ions was performed due to the presence of various types of anti-oxidants in the leaves of Ocimum sanctum L. and each having a unique structure and functions. The formations of silver nanoparticles through aqueous medium were fairly stable and which can be incubated up to 4 months in refrigerator. At last, the antimicrobial activities of AgNPs were evaluated using different bacteria strain. It was found that, this biosynthesizing of silver nanoparticles may inhibit the all types of bacterial pathogenic organisms competently. This recent research study opens an innovative design to progress our understanding of how SNPs behave can be optimized to improve human antimicrobial activities.Citation: Bindhani BK, Panigrahi AK (2015) Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles (SNPs) by using Leaf Extracts of Ocimum Sanctum L (Tulsi) and Study of its Antibacterial Activities.

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Liquidity management is a concept that is gaining serious attention all over the world because of the current financial turmoil and the state of the world economy. The concern of business owners and managers all over the world is to devise a strategy which will help in maintaining liquidity as well as to increase profitability and shareholder's wealth. Liquidity is perceived as the debt paying ability of a going concern. It is the ability of a company to meet the short term obligations. Hence, it is of utmost important to keep a constant eye on liquidity position of the company as without it the company cannot survive. In this paper a comparative study on the liquidity position of five leading Indian cement companies has been done to know the liquidity position of the companies. The study covers a period of 10 years viz, 2000-2001 to 2009-2010. For the purpose of investigation purely secondary data is used. The techniques of mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, ratio analysis, and Motaal's ultimate rank test has been applied to analyse the data. It has been found that the liquidity position of small companies are better as compared to big ones and most interestingly the growth rate of current ratio, quick ratio and working capital to current assets of all the companies are negative which indicates an unsound liquidity position. Moreover, low or negative working capital in some cases indicates the aggressive working capital management policy of the firms which implies minimal investment in current assets by the companies so as to derive a higher rate of return. But it has to be remembered that risk of default and bankruptcy increases when a firm adopts more aggressive working capital policies. One should remember that a negative working capital is a sign of managerial efficiency in a business with low inventory and accounts receivable (which means they operate on an almost strictly cash basis). In any other situation, it is a sign that a company may be facing bankruptcy or serious financial trouble. In our case, Motaal's Ultimate Rank Test shows that the liquidity position of Shree Cements is sounder as compared to other companies.

: All of the choices made in the workplace concerning cash, receivables, inventory, and payables influence how a corporation maintains its liquidity level. Liquidity plays a vital role in the successful functioning of every business. The important part in managing working capital is maintaining liquidity on a day-to-day basis to ensure the smooth running of the organisation and to meet its obligations. Hence, it is very important to keep a close eye on the liquidity position of the company as without it, the company cannot survive. But efforts to increase the profitability would tend to reduce firms' liquidity and too much attention on liquidity would tend to affect profitability. No doubt, every firm tries to maximise profitability by maintaining liquidity. But the question arises, is it the liquidity or profitability that helps in maximizing shareholder’s wealth by increasing the share price of Indian cement companies? Hence, the study is aimed to understand the impact of liquidity and profitability on the share price of Indian cement companies.: To determine wheather investors in the cement sector should prefer companies those are liquid or profitable, we applied the t-test, correlation test, and the resultant p-value. It is found that, having a quicker cash conversion cycle (CCCy) increases the company's market value indicating that, higher the liquidity, more is the chances that the share price may go up.: It is found that the profitability in cement companies isn't as high as the company's ability to pay its debts, i.e. liquidity. In other words, the liquidity of Indian cement companies are more and the profitability is less, and the market value of a firm rises in tandem with the growth in its liquidity. Moreover, when the market value grows, the CCC decreases, whereas the economic value added (EVA) increases.: Prior studies reveal that the working capital requirements of Indian cement companies are much more as compared to other industries. Although low operational cash affects the daily operations of the business, excess working capital usage will harm the firm's profitability. Hence, the question, why do Indian cement businesses need so much of working capital? This study's purpose was to answer it. The findings of this research states that, companies believe that maintaining liquidity will increase their share price.: Conceptual Research