Background: Data on the long-term effects of prenatal exposure to maternal cancer and its treatment on child development are scarce. Methods: In a multicenter cohort study, the neurologic and cardiac outcomes of 6-year-old children born to women diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy were compared with the outcome of children born after an uncomplicated pregnancy. Assessment included clinical evaluation, comprehensive neuropsychological testing, electrocardiography and echocardiography. Results: In total, 132 study children and 132 controls were included. In the study group, 97 children (73.5%) were prenatally exposed to chemotherapy (alone or in combination with other treatments), 14 (10.6%) to radiotherapy (alone or in combination), 1 (0.8%) to trastuzumab, 12 (9.1%) to surgery alone and 16 (12.1%) to no treatment. Although within normal ranges, statistically significant differences were found in mean verbal IQ and visuospatial long-term memory, with lower scores in the study versus control group (98.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 94.5e101.8, versus 104.4, 95% CI: 100.4e108.4, P Z 0.001, Q < 0.001 [Q refers to the false discovery rate adjusted P value], and 3.9, 95% CI: 3.6e4.3, versus 4.5, 95% CI: 4.1 e4.9, P Z 0.005, Q Z 0.045, respectively). A significant difference in diastolic blood pressure was found, with higher values in chemotherapy-exposed (61.1, 95% CI: 59.0 to 63.2) versus control children (56.0, 95% CI 54.1 to 57.8) (P < 0.001, Q < 0.001) and in a subgroup of 59 anthracycline-exposed (61.8, 95% CI: 59.3 to 64.4) versus control children (55.9, 95% CI: 53.6 to 58.1) (P < 0.001, Q Z 0.02). Conclusions: Children prenatally exposed to maternal cancer and its treatment are at risk for lower verbal IQ and visuospatial long-term memory scores and for higher diastolic blood pressure, but other cognitive functions and cardiac outcomes were normal at the age of 6 years. Clinical trial registration: The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00330447.

This manuscript is an accompanying resource of the original research article entitled “Child development at 6 years after maternal cancer diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy” and present data that compare the outcome of 6-year-old-children born to women diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy (with or without treatment during pregnancy) (study group) with children born after an uncomplicated pregnancy (control group). Oncological, obstetrical and neonatal data were collected. Neurodevelopment was examined by clinical evaluation and neuropsychological testing (including intelligence, attention and memory tests) and by general health and behavior questionnaires. Cardiac evaluation included electro- and echocardiography. Univariate analyses of covariance were used to investigate between-group differences. A subgroup analysis was performed in chemotherapy-exposed children versus controls and anthracycline-exposed versus controls. Additionally, the incidence of behaviour problems was compared to matched controls for children whose mothers died and for those with surviving mothers.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a commonly encountered clinical condition. At least three-fourth women experience one episode of VVC in their lifetime. In India, the prevalence of VVC is 10 to 35%. Laboratory methods often supplement clinical diagnosis. VVC should be confirmed with culture and other investigative techniques, especially in complicated and recurrent cases. Topical and intravaginal azoles remain the mainstay of therapy. In women who have predisposing risk factors or develop recurrent VVC, oral antifungal agents are used. Topical steroids may be used in women having vulvar symptoms along with pruritus. Pregnancy is a significant risk factor. Intravaginal azoles remain the standard of treatment and can be offered from the second trimester onwards. The emergence of non-albicans species has caused difficulties in the management of VVCs. Thus, all women with vaginal discharge should be correctly diagnosed to tailor the therapy.

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