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Abstract. This paper presents results of an experimental study for concrete column filled poly vinyl chloride (PVC) tubes confined by plain socket with 5.8 & 6.8 mm thicknesses, 102 mm diameter and 100 mm depth. The total of five concrete filled columns using PVC tubes (CFT PVC) was tested to investigate the columns' behaviour. The column is 700 mm height, 100 mm external diameter and 3.5 mm tube thickness with different thickness of plain socket. The results presented include maximum axial load, plain socket confinement effect, the mode of failure, and lateral PVC strain. The axial load enhancement of PVC-concrete columns confined using plain socket shows an increment of 21.3% up to 55.2% and axial strain from 21% to 40% compared with displacement for control composite columns at 192 kN ultimate load.

Herein we report encapsulation approaches for Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) encapsulated zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-8 (CdS@ZIF-8), such as “bottle-around-the-ship” and “ship-in-the-bottle.” In this study, these composites were evaluated for antibacterial and DNA-binding properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of CdS nanoparticles using ZIF-8 as a capping agent. The as-synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Characterization studies revealed that both encapsulation approaches provided different morphologies to the encapsulated framework. The antibacterial activity of the as-fabricated nanocomposite, in which ZIF-8 acts as a capping agent, was more effective against Escherichia coli (E. coli) than Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). Furthermore, DNA-binding studies of nanocomposites performed by UV absorption spectroscopic titration method in E. coli genomic DNA indicated that DNA binding occurs along with cleavage. Therefore, the designed nanocomposites demonstrate great promise for future anticancer research.