Objective: To evaluate the pros and cons of an online course from medical students' standpoint. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: At Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital. Period: January 2020 to May 2020. Material & Methods: After taking ethical approval, 200 students were equally divided into basic medical sciences and clinical sciences based on convenient sampling. The participants, after taken verbal consent, filled a self-designed questionnaire. The data were analyzed through SPSS version 21.0 and presented in the form of frequency and percentage. The Chi-square test was applied, and the level of significance was taken P=<0.05. Results: Both medical and clinical medical science students were well-motivated in learning online through online courses. However, the lack of internet facility, poor IT skills, and improper facilitation by the faculty hindered their progress towards achieving good online education. Conclusion: Improvement in the way online courses are delivered and taught by the faculty is crucial in increasing student motivation towards online learning, but issues such as poor IT skills and lack of internet facility must be addressed to provide an equal form of e-learning for students.

Purpose:  To analyze the results of filtration surgery in cases of Glaucoma Capsulare. Study Design:  Experimental study. Place and Duration:  Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Karachi, from January 2018 to December 2018. Methods:  Forty eyes of forty patients, between 50 to 80 years of age, with Glaucoma Capsulare, not controlled with topical medication were included in the study. Patients not willing for filtration surgery and those who had any other ocular disease were excluded. Pre-operative examination, including visual acuity, retinoscopy, intra ocular pressure and fundus examination was done. Complete blood count, blood sugar and urine complete were also carried outto rule out any other illness. All collected data was analyzed through software SPSS version 20. Results:  There were 26 (65.0%) males and 14 (35.0%) females. Mean age was 62.1 ± 12.44 years. Mean IOP was 34.0 ± 2.43 mm of Mercury. At first follow-up mean IOP (mm.Hg) was 11.44 ± 3.2 and at 12 weeks follow-up, the IOP was 10.14 ± 4.1. Angle 0 – I (closed angle) was seen in 6 (15.0%), Angle grade II – III (Open angle) was seen in 10 (25.0%) and grade III – IV (open angle) was seen in 24 (60.0%) patients. Visual acuity 6/9 were in 4 (10.0%), 6/12 – 6/18 in 10 (25.0%), 6/18 – 6/24 was in 12 (30.0%) and visual acuity 6/36 – 6/60 was noted in 14 (35.0%) patients. Early complications were flat anterior chamber in 4 (10%) and corneal edema in 4 (10%) patients. However late complications were hyphema and cataract in 2 (5%) and 25 (62.5%) patients respectively. Conclusion:  Trabeculectomy significantly lowers the intraocular pressure in patients with Glaucoma Capsulare. Key Words:  Glaucoma Capsulare, Trabeculectomy, Gonioscopy, Hyphema, Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.

Background: Nasolacrimal duct obstruction is listed under the heading of congenital diseases; on other hand it is also commonly present in adult age group. In population of Sindh we found these patients frequently. Through this study we revealed the surgical options for the treatment of Nasolacrimal duct obstruction in population of Sindh provenience of Pakistan. The objective of the study was to compare the outcomes of two different intubation techniques in treatment of Nasolacrimal duct obstruction between two age groups. Comparative study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital Karachi from May 2018 to June 2019.Methods: Total 136 numbers of patients were included on the bases of history, clinical examination and pre-operative syringing test. Non- probability convenient sampling was applied for data collection. Total 136 numbers of patients were divided into two groups on the bases of treatment and further subgroup on the bases of age ranges. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0.Results: Frequency and percentage of recovery in six months in each subgroup with application of chi-square test. Frequency and percentage of post-operative complications prolong treatment and regurgitation and patency of tube in each group and subgroups.Conclusions: The results showed significant difference between the groups. Group A showed higher success rate with minimal percentage of complications and post-operative measurements in both age ranges as compare to Group B.

Objective: To correlate the symptoms of dry eye with young adult riders. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Al-Tibri Medical College, Isra University, Karachi. Period: December 2020 to November 2021. Material & Methods: 60 young riders with dry eyes between the age of 21-30 years were included in the study and their duration of years in riding bike, duration of riding bike a day, and lastly the symptoms were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 and the correlation was assessed using Pearson’s correlation. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The mean age of the riders were 25.46 ± 0.12. 70% of the riders were riding for more than 5 years, 23.3% riders were riding for more than 2 years, while only 6.7% were riding for less than 2 years. 36.1% riders rode for >8 hours/day, 26.7% for >6 hours/day, 21.7% for >4 hours/day, and 15% for 2 hours/day. Symptoms of dryness, burning, itching, crusting, blurring, and redness all showed significant difference with the duration of years as a rider as well as the number of hours the rider rode during the day. Conclusion: Dry eye symptoms significantly correlate with young adult riders and the appropriate intervention is required to treat it accordingly.

Background: NEI VFQ-25 questionnaire is widely used to determine different health benefits to patient’s daily activities, social and mental health. The objective of this study was to determine satisfaction of patients undergoing cataract surgery.Methods: After ethical approval, a cross-sectional study using non-probability convenient sampling technique was done. Post-operative cataract patients between 18-75 years of both gender were included and patients reluctant to participate, <18 years of age or above 75 were excluded. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Scoring of NEI VFQ-25 questionnaire was done. Chi-square test was applied between groups of patients with or without glasses using distant and near visual acuities keeping p-value of ≤0.05 as significant.Results: Mean age of 100 patients was 58.56±9.63 years, 78 patients were female housewives. Significant improvements in visual acuities was reported with distant or near vision with or without glasses after cataract surgery (p-value <0.01). Patient’s difficulties in worrying with eye sight, reading newspapers, reading stuff well up close, reading street signs, having issue in visiting others, going out to movies/plays, feeling of accomplishing less, having limited endurance and need for help from others in order to perform visual tasks were associated independently with reduced visual acuity and visual impairment.Conclusions: Cataract surgery significantly improved patients’ visual acuities, daily activities, mental and social health issues. Most patients were satisfied with cataract surgery and had fulfilling improvements to post-operative quality of life.