Background The objective of the study was to compare the effects of neuromobilization (NM) techniques and routine physiotherapy on pain and functional disability in patients having shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS). Present study was aimed to discover evidence based conservative and cost effective remedy on pain and functional disability. Study design Single blinded randomized control clinical trial. Methods A total of 80 patients with SIS were randomly assigned into care and experimental groups (40 in each group). After the baseline assessment routine physiotherapy was executed on both groups, while NM was applied additionally to experimental group. Pain and functional disability score were evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale and University of California at Los Angeles rating score at baseline, 5th and 11th week. Differences in outcome between groups were evaluated with clinical improvement. Results The experimental group compared with care group at 11th week had lower mean pain score 2.15(1.66–2.64) vs 4.90(4.41–5.40); between group difference, 1.82; 95% (CI), − 2.38 to − 1.25; P < 0.001 and Partial ƞ2 = 0.33, similarly functional disability score 28.58(27.32–29.83) vs 20.10(18.84–21.36); between group difference,5.62; 95%CI, (4.32–6.92); P< 0.001 and Partial ƞ2 = 0.49 respectively. In experimental group NM was a more effective technique to reduce the pain severity and disability in SIS patients as compare to care group. Conclusion Neuromobilization techniques in addition to routine physiotherapy were significantly effective for the treatment of SIS. Trial registration IRCT20190121042445N1, Registered 19 February 2019.

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Background: Posture is the alignment or orientation of body segments by maintaining an upright position. The postural deviations associated with change in young people’s behavior have increased. Incorrect posture refers to an irregular state of the body in which the body does not sustain a steady state and tissues and organs function normally in an erect position. Objective: The objectives of this study were to check the knowledge about body posture, attitude towards good and bad posture and practice for correcting the wrong posture to prevent complications in physiotherapy students. Methodology: An observational cross sectional study was conducted among the physiotherapy students from University Institute of Physical Therapy (UIPT), The University of Lahore Chenab Campus; Pakistan. For knowledge section Questionnaire on level of awareness of body use in young people was used, for attitude section a self-structured questionnaire and for practice section (Q-BAPHYP) was used. Data were analyzed by using SPSS (version 21.0). Results: Out of  202 physiotherapy students, 21(10.4%) were males and 181(89.6%) were females. 12.4% students were from 2nd year, 37.1% from 3rd year, 28.2% from 4th year and 22.3% from 5th year. Average age was 21.43 years. Among the total 36(17.8%) student’s had knowledge of good posture, 143(70.8%) often good posture. 168(83.2%) students responded of having a positive attitude towards good posture and only 11(5.4%) always practices good posture in their daily life. There is a positive but a weak correlation between knowledge and attitude (Spearman Correlation value=0.138) Conclusion: It was found that the physiotherapy students had knowledge of good posture and showed a positive attitude towards good posture but they are not well practicing it in their daily routine. Key words: Bad posture, Ergonomics, Good posture, Kinematics, Posture, Scoliosis

Background: Tension type headache is claimed to be one of top ten disabling conditions in the world. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of muscle energy technique on pain, range of motion at cervical spine and disability related to tension type headache. Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted on 48 participants of both genders whose age was 18 to 40 years with complain of tension type at Rehabilitation and Injury Management Department of Medcare International Hospital Gujranwala, from July to December 2019. Participants were randomly selected and allocated into two groups (experimental and control group). The experimental group received both muscle energy technique and myofascial release technique on trapezius and sternocleidomastoid of both sides. The intervention was applied for 6 weeks (3 sessions per week). Assessments were done at baseline, 4th week and 6th week. Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Headache disability inventory (HDI), headache impact test (HIT) and cervical range of motion with the help of Inclinometer were tools for assessment. Data analysis was done using SPSS (version 21). Results: The mean age of experimental group was 26.5±5.42 and control group was 27.7±5.70. The experimental group was shown significant improvement in terms of pain and flexion and side flexion range of motion with p-value ≤0.05. Conclusion: It is concluded that muscle energy technique is effective treatment for tension type headache; it is associated to decreased range of motion at cervical spine and disability related to TTH. Trial registration: IRCT20190121042445N2, Registered 07-02-2021.

Background: Pakistan is having higher prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been linked with substantial short- and long-term adverse health results, such as Diabetes Mellitus, increased risk of cardio-metabolic disorders later in life among both women and infants. GDM has seven times significantly increased risk of diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study is to calculate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among multigravida females with the history of gestational diabetes. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted on 153 women with multigravida having history of gestational diabetes was selected by convenient sampling. This study was conducted between Augusts to December 2021. Data were collected by a self-structured questionnaire. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS 24. P value ? 0.05 was considered as significant value. Results: Out of total 153, prevalence of diabetes mellitus persists among the females with multigravida and having the history of gestational diabetes was observed 71(46.40%). Obesity, stress, lack of physical activity, Family history of Diabetes, Hypertension, elevated birth weight are some major risk factors of Diabetes mellitus after GDM. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus that persists after GDM have high prevalence and higher risk among multigravida females. For prevention of DM, early diagnosis screening, awareness should create about risk factors of DM and appropriate exercises during gestation period in females should perform. Keywords: Cross-sectional, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Multigravida, Nulliparous.