Spasticity after stroke may be a common complication in patients with stroke and leads to impaired hand function after stroke. Objective: To examine the impacts of kinesis-taping on managing spasticity of upper extremity hence improving function. Methods: A randomized managed trial have a look at turned into performed in Al-Nafees medical institution Islamabad. Thirty Participants with stroke inside six months have been randomly enrolled into kinesis taping (Kt) organization or traditional organization. The tape turned into carried out on three days in line with week for 48/seventy-two hours for four weeks. The number one final result turned into muscle spasticity as measured through the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Measurements have been taken earlier than the intervention, at once after the intervention (2nd week) and later after the intervention (fourth week). Results: Within the group comparison, in the KT group, significant differences were noted in MAS at the second and fourth week (P=0.00-0.00), as compared to control group at the second and fourth week (P=0.21-0.00). Between-group comparisons showed a significant difference at the fourth week (P=0.00). Conclusions: Kinesio taping may provide some benefit by reducing spasticity and improving motor performance of the affected hand in patients with subacute stroke. Kinesio Tape may be an option for clinicians to effectively manage spasticity after stroke.

Background: Weight bearing exercises have great role in joint nutrition, bone density and proprioception thus helping in neuro muscular control.

Neck pain is the most common complaint and Cervical pain is more common in middle-aged women than in males. The most prevalent reason for patients to seek medical attention is neck pain. Objective: To identify the effectiveness of stretching and muscle energy techniques along with mobilization of cervical segment in the management of upper cross syndrome.Methods: The randomized controlled experiment took place from August 2018 to January 2019 at Benazir Bhutto Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Centre in Pakistan (Rawalpindi) and included patients with upper cross syndrome that were randomly consigned to two equal groups using a lottery system. The Group-A patients management is eccentric muscular energy therapy with cervical segmental mobilization, although Group-B patients treatment protocol is static stretching exercises accompanied by  segmental mobilization of cervical spine . Each patient received two sessions each week for three weeks, during which their visual analogue scale, and neck disability index were measured. An inclinometer was used to measure the cervical passive range of motion. Data was collected at the commencement of the study and again after three weeks of treatment. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data. Results: Twenty (20%) of the 40 individuals were in each of the two groups. The average age in Group-A was 42.7511.13 years. It remained 40.509.14 years in Group-B. On all metrics, the eccentric muscular energy technique and static stretching approach equally demonstrated substantial results that is P Value is less than 0.05.Conclusion: Both approaches were shown to be equally successful in lowering neck impairment, enhancing cervical range of motion, and decreasing pain

Objectives: to find out the effectiveness of stretching exercises and baclofen alone and combined in spastic cerebral palsy children on spasticity, fluid and calorie intake. Material & Methods: A single-blinded, randomized control trial was conducted at Allama Iqbal Hospital, and Idrees Teaching Hospital. The participants between 5-15 years, having spasticity score of 2 or more on Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). The participants were randomly divided into three treatment groups i.e. group A received baclofen, group B received stretching and group C received both baclofen and sustained stretching. Data were collected by Performa / Questionnaire, which calculated basic demographics, BMI, fluid and calorie intake, and Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Results: The result showed significant difference (p<0.05) among group with large effect size while comparing mean differences of Fluid intake {F(df)=2,57(988.603), η2 =0.972, p<0.001} and Calories intake {F(df)= 2,57(166.877), η2 =0.854, p<0.001}. While there was no significant difference in mean difference of spasticity {F(df)= 2,57(2.119), p=0.130}. Conclusion: baclofen along with stretching exercises significantly improved fluid, calorie intake and spasticity.

Background Evidence suggests that the factors behind the increased risk of falls among polio survivors are mainly categorized into intrinsic and extrinsic domains. The intrinsic category involves factors like muscle weaknesses, fear of falls and self-reported balance problem. In contrast, extrinsic factors include poor environmental circumstances and ambulatory issues that cause reduced ability to adapt to walking conditions in polio patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate biomechanical footwear’s effects on gait and balance in individuals with polio. Methods A total of 30 participants were randomly divided into two groups of 15 each. The experimental group received customized shoe footwear with features such as medial arch support, metatarsal pad, rear foot control, fibreglass lateral counter, and a rocker sole. The control group did not receive specialized footwear. Results The intervention group showed significant improvements in several gait parameters compared to the control group, including step length (p=0.008), stride length (p=<0.001), step width (p=0.002), cadence (p<0.001) and speed (p=0.0009). The intervention group also showed significant improvements in Berg Balance Scale scores (p=0.07) compared to the control group. Conclusion Biomechanical footwear with medial arch support, metatarsal pad, and rear foot control can improve gait and balance in individuals with polio. Keywords Disability, Gait, Foot Orthosis, Poliovirus.