Irrigation regimes and rates of mineral fertilizers for obtaining the expected yields of vegetable crops under conditions of light chestnut soils of the Volga-Don interfluve are considered in the study. We established that irrigation regimes and norms of mineral fertilizers proposed in our field study for table beet (Beta vulgaris) and carrot (Daucus carota) cultivation allow yielding in the range of 60...80 t/ha. Thus, for example, the maximum yield of table beet 84.1 t/ha was obtained in the variant with 80% pre-irrigation soil moisture and N 230 P 180 K 100 fertilizer at a variable depth of soil moistening (0.3...0.5 m). Changes in fertilizer dose from N 130 P 80 K 20 to N 230 P 180 K 100 contributed to 63.7...84.1 t/ha yield increase, which is 10-20% higher compared to other variants. Change in soil moisture from 70-80-70 to 80-80-80% of FMC in combination with fertilizer dose from N 150 P 70 K 180 to N 210 P 100 K 260 increased carrot yields from an average of 57.9 to 81.6 t/ha. The highest yields (81.6 t/ha) were obtained when maintaining pre-irrigation soil moisture of 80-80-80% of FMC and applying N 210 P 100 K 260 fertilizer rate. In general, beet and carrot cultivation on light chestnut soils using drip irrigation is the most efficient. To maintain water regimes of the soil adopted by the experiment, a different irrigation frequency was required. When increasing humidity level from 70 to 90% FMC frequency of irrigation increases, and irrigation rate decreases. The total consumption of moisture in the experiments increased with an increase in moisture content-from 4,417 m 3 /ha in the variant with 70% of FMC to 5105 m 3 /ha in the variant with 90% of FMC. The largest total water consumption of table beet was noted in the variant with a differentiated depth of soil wetting and averaged 4,530-5,105 m 3 /ha. The share of irrigation water in the total water consumption of plants increased from 73.3 to 75.7%. Application of mineral fertilizers reduces water consumption of table beet. The smallest coefficient was obtained in the second irrigation regime variant, when humidity was maintained at 80% of FMC with different wetting depth. This situation was observed in all variants of irrigation regimes and fertilizer applications. This confirms that differentiating wetting depth according to table beet growth stage makes it possible to use irrigation water more economically at all rates mineral fertilizer application.

Proposals for the development of highly efficient new resource and energy-saving technologies and designs for seed drying are substantiated in the paper-based on theoretical research and scientific results. The developed new improved design of a vacuum drying unit with a heat transfer fluid and a heat accumulator for drying seeds of desert fodder plants, a diagram of the energy storage process, an irradiation scheme using heat waves of a flat layer are substantiated and presented. The positive effect of external physical fields on drying processes is substantiated and determined by mathematical simulation and experimental methods. Design basics of drying equipment of desert fodder plant seeds are developed in analytical solutions based on numerical values of key parameters. Extensive information is provided on the previously obtained results of an analytical study and computer implementation of the developed advanced mathematical models; the solution to the problem of seed drying in an analytical form for non-stationary and stationary problems of the known system of A.V. Lykov differential equations are given.

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