The goal of tissue engineering is to create functional tissues and organs for regenerative therapies, and total organ transplantation. Bioprinting tissues are one of the most attractive approaches for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields. Fabrication of a complex structure via bioprinting requires layer-by-layer fabrication strategy. Bioprinting is mainly based on three processes; imaging and computer aided the design of the tissue that we wanted to print, the production of bio-ink with the selection of proper substances, the choice of a proper bioprinter depending on the product that we want, for fabrication of scaffold and/or tissues. In recent years the 3D bioprinting technology has been developed and several approaches appear by the researchers. The approaches are biomimicry, autonomous self-assembly and mini-tissue building blocks. In this study, current and future potential applications of 3D printing for the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine will be discussed.

The orthosis is a 3D material that supports the deformed field. These orthotic materials are used to help weak muscle function, to support muscles and joints, to correct posture, to continue to work despite unbalanced movements, and to heal fractures. Upper and lower extremity orthosis practices are available. Upper limb orthosis; shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand or fingers. Prevents or supports unwanted movements. There are various upper extremity orthoses called fingers, hand splints, hand and wrist atrophy, elbow orthosis, shoulder orthosis according to the region where they are practiced. Orthoses applied to the hand and arm are usually provided for short-term use. Nowadays, with the new generation of the industrial orthosis and 3D designs, the treatment of deformity has become possible by using simulation techniques on the biomechanical data. The purpose of this study is to discuss the advantage of the 3-dimensional PLA (Polylactic acid)-based fingertipped orthosis on the individual's superiority against other conventional methods and designs in the treatment of upper limb finger conservative treatment.