<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The objectives of this study were to analyze food consumption, energy, and nutrients intake patterns between stunting and non-stunting in young children of 0—23 months old, using the data from BHR (Basic Health Research) 2010. The data sub-set from BHR 2010 was obtained into e-files form. From 6 634 under-two children 3 539 were screened out due to incompleteness, outlier, and unusual food consumption during data collection. Nutritional status data were processed using the WHO AnthroPlus 2007, while the other data/statistics were processed using the Excel and SPSS for windows. The different on food consumption pattern was performed with Man-Whitney U test. Food consumption, energy and nutrients intake patterns which measured were type number of food consumption, group number of food consumption, frequency of food consumption, nutrient adequacy, nutrient quality, and nutrients density. The results of study showed that analyze food consumption, and energy and nutrients intake patterns were different between stunting and non-stunting YC according to their age group; the higher the age, the higher their difference. There was no difference in food consumption, and energy and nutrients intake patterns between stunting and non-stunting children 0—5 months. Meanwhile, there was difference in children 6—11 and 12—23 months. The average of protein adequacy and protein density was difference between stunting and non-stunting children 6—11 months. In children 12—23 months, the differences not only in the average of protein adequacy and protein density but also in average of energy and calcium adequacy and calcium density, phosphor, vitamin A, and C adequacy, nutrient quality, and type number of food. Implications for Indonesia that is necessary to study the efficacy of nutritional interventions to achieving optimal linear growth in young children.</p><p>Key words: children 0—23 months old, food pattern, stunting</p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pola konsumsi pangan dan asupan energi dan gizi anak stunting dan tidak stunting 0—23 bulan menggunakan data Riskesdas 2010. Sub-set data Riskesdas 2010 diperoleh dalam bentuk e-files. Dari 6 634 data anak baduta dalam e-files Riskesdas 2010, sejumlah 3 539 data anak dikeluarkan karena data tidak lengkap, pencilan, konsumsi pangan saat kondisi tidak biasa. Status gizi diolah menggunakan WHO AntroPlus 2007, pengolahan data lainnya menggunakan program Microsoft Excel 2007 dan SPSS for windows. Uji beda pola konsumsi pangan menerapkan Mann-Whitney U test. Pola konsumsi pangan dan asupan energi dan zat gizi yang diukur berupa jumlah jenis konsumsi pangan, jumlah kelompok konsumsi pangan, frekuensi konsumsi pangan, tingkat kecukupan zat gizi, mutu gizi asupan pangan, dan densitas asupan zat gizi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pola konsumsi pangan dan asupan energi dan zat gizi anak stunting dan tidak stunting 0—23 bulan berbeda menurut kelompok umur; semakin bertambah umur semakin meningkat perbedaannya. Pada anak 0—5 bulan tidak ada perbedaan pola konsumsi pangan dan asupan energi dan gizi anak stunting dan tidak stunting; sebaliknya pada anak 6—11 dan 12—23 bulan. Pada anak 6—11 bulan, rata-rata tingkat kecukupan protein anak stunting dan tidak stunting berbeda, demikian pula densitas asupan protein. Pada anak 12—23 bulan, tidak hanya rata-rata tingkat kecukupan protein dan densitas asupan protein, tetapi rata-rata tingkat kecukupan energi, tingkat kecukupan kalsium dan densitas asupan kalsium, tingkat kecukupan fosfor, tingkat kecukupan vitamin A, tingkat kecukupan vitamin C, mutu gizi makanan, dan bahkan jenis pangan juga berbeda. Implikasi untuk Indonesia yaitu perlu dilakukan penelitian efikasi intervensi zat gizi tersebut untuk pencapaian pertumbuhan linier optimal anak.</p><p>Kata kunci: anak 0—23 bulan, pola konsumsi pangan, stunting</p>

Aims:The aim of the research is to evaluate the reliability of bone resorption biomarkers called Pyridinium Crosslinks (Pyd) in the urine of the neonates as an evaluation to bone growth of the neonate, as an indicator of stunting. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Andini Mothers and Children Hospital (Pekanbaru, Indonesia). Duration of the study was between, August until September 2014. Methodology: Subjects of study were 35 healthy neonates. Subjects were recruited at the first 3 days of life. Body length gauges, digital weighting scale, family socioeconomic questionnaires and Pyd kit were used to collect the data. Differences in the mean of the research variables were tested using an Independent t-test. Hayati et al.; AJRIMPS, 7(1): 1-8, 2019; Article no.AJRIMPS.48579 2 Results: Results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.01) in terms of height for age and Pyd in the urine of stunted (body length <48 cm) versus normal (body length ≥48 cm) neonates. The contents of Pyd in the urine of stunted neonates were 982.9±61.6 and normal neonates was 594.1±266.1 nmol/mmol. Conclusion: Therefore, there is a possible association between height for age and Pyd in the urine as a potential early indicators to identify stunted and normal neonates. Original Research Article

The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between pyridinium crosslinks (Pyd) urine and stunting among children. We also determined the effect of nutritional intervention on the Pyd content in urine among stunting children. The study was a cross-sectional involving 173 children in Pekanbaru and Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, Indonesia in 2014 (children aged 0-3 days: n = 32), in 2017 (children aged 4-6 years: n = 80), in 2018 (children 4-6 years old: n = 25), and in 2020 (children 12-15 years old: n = 36). Height gauges, family socio-economic questionnaires, pot urine and Pyd kit were utilized to gather the data. As nutritional interventions, milk was given to children aged 4-6 years old for 4 months (as additional energy; 20% of the recommended dietary allowance); brunch meals and milk were given to children 12-15 years old for 34 days (as additional energy; 30% recommended dietary allowance). Pyd and height were used as parameter indicators in this study. Pearson correlation and t-test (significance p< 0.05 and p<0.01) were applied for statistical analysis. The Pyd content of stunted children aged in 0-3 days, 3-5 years, 4-6 years, and 12-15 years were discovered to be 982, 16.4, 16.9 and 9.6 nmol/mmol creatinine, respectively. The Pyd content of stunted children aged 4-6 and 12-15 years before and after nutritional intervention were 16.9 vs 15.3 and 9.81 vs 5.33 nmol/mmol creatinine, respectively. Stunting neonatal urine Pyd content was found to be different from normal neonatal urine Pyd content (p <0.01). There was a correlation revealed between urine Pyd content and height of children aged 4-6 years (p <0.05) and r = -0.242. A difference was observed in the urine Pyd content of children 4-6 years before nutrition intervention (p <0.01) as well as in urine Pyd content of children aged 12-15 years before and after nutritional intervention (p <0.05); as many as 19.4% of the subjects increased their nutritional status from stunting to normal. The urine Pyd is expected to be a marker of the efficacy of nutritional care in bone growth disorders associated with bone resorption in stunting children.

Sambal kacang merupakan bumbu utama pada pecel, gado-gado, sate dan ketoprak. Sambal kacang terbuat dari olahan kacang tanah, cabai, gula, garam, bawang, daun jeruk dan buah asam. Sambal kacang tidak bermerk yang dijual dipasar tradisional umumnya diproduksi dalam skala industri kecil. Proses pembuatannya pun juga secara tradisional yang memungkinkan adanya kontaminasi mikrobiologi baik pada proses pengolahan bahan, sumber air yang digunakan dan pada proses penyimpanan. Kontaminasi mikrobiologi yang umum terjadi adalah cemaran bakteri Escherichia Coli (E. coli) dan Salmonella sp. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan identifikasi bakteri E. coli dan Salmonella sp pada sambal kacang tidak bermerek yang dijual di pasar tradisional kota Pekanbaru. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara random sampling. Metoda yang digunakan untuk identifikasi bakteri adalah metoda Pour Plate. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelima sampel positif tercemar bakteri E. coli dengan kadar sampel (1) 11.900 cfu/g, sampel (2) 1.287 cfu/g, sampel (3) 2.900 cfu/g, sampel (4) 465 cfu/g dan sampel (5) 95.000 cfu/g. Sedangkan 3 dari 5 sampel positif tercemar Salmonella sp dengan kadar sampel (1) 0 cfu/g, sampel (2) <25 cfu/g, sampel (3) 0 cfu/g, sampel (4) 150 cfu/g, sampel (5) 320 cfu/g.

Actual vaccination coverage in Kuala Lumpur was much higher than the estimated coverage previously reported, reflecting the expected success of the Department of Health immunization campaign. Estimated values of live births are insufficient to accurately determine vaccine status and should be avoided.