Objectives: The research aimed to explore the aggression and coping strategies in Type A and Type B cardiac patients. The study also assesses the role of gender and personality type in cardiac patients. Methodology: 101 cardiac patients from different hospitals in Punjab having male (56) and females (45) with an average range of 22-70 were taken for the study. The education range was between middle to master and all were married. All the patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease were referred by their medical staff, with the problems in their ECGs, Echocardiography, and further diagnostic assessments taken as sample. Personality types, and coping styles have been assessed along with their detailed demographics. Results: The mean age range was 45 years, out of the total 101 patients male and female were 55.5% and 44.5%, respectively. Patients of type A and type B personality were 55(45.8%) and 46 (38.3%) respectively. In Cardiac patients avoidant Coping predicted verbal aggression and problem-focused coping predicted physical aggression whereas Problem-Focused and Avoidant Focused negatively predicted aggression among Type A cardiac patients. Gender moderated between aggression and personality type among type A and type B cardiac patients. The interaction effect of gender and personality type on problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidant-focused coping is also evident in the results. Conclusion: The study concluded that cardiac patients differ in their coping styles relevant to gender and personality type. Furthermore, gender also affects their level of aggression with the interaction of coping styles among them.
Background/Objective Adults with asthma who experience difficulties in emotion regulation are prone to developing psychopathological symptoms that may affect their self-management activities and symptom control. The current research investigated the role of psychological flexibility and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in relation to mental health outcomes (psychological distress and quality of life) among patients with asthma in Pakistan. Method A sample of 200 adults, diagnosed with asthma (32% men, 68% women; Mage = 42.32, SDage = 16.99), completed the acceptance and action questionnaire (AAQ-II) cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), depression, anxiety, stress scale-21 (DASS-21), asthma-related quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ) and a self-structured demographic sheet. Results Results of Pearson product moment correlation showed that most of the adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (positive refocusing, refocus on planning, and positive reappraisal) were positively correlated with psychological flexibility and quality of life, whereas negatively correlated with psychological distress. All the maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation had a significant inverse relationship with psychological flexibility and quality of life, while positively correlated with psychological distress. Results of serial mediation analysis through PROCESS MACRO showed that catastrophising and anxiety fully mediated the relationship between psychological flexibility and asthma-related quality of life. Conclusion Evidence-based interventions should focus on developing psychological flexibility and identifying maladaptive patterns of cognitive emotion regulation strategies for improved mental health and quality of life outcomes for adults with asthma.
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