Objective: Brucellosis is an endemic zoonotic infection in Saudi Arabia, including Jazan Province, and epidemiological reports about this disease are limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding brucellosis among the general population of Jazan Province, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted using a pretested questionnaire that assessed the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward Brucellosis. The calculated sample size was 384, and 1,055 participants were included representing various genders, ages, and levels of education. Data were collected between March and April 2022 and analyzed using descriptive, chi-square, and t-test analyses. Results: Only 50% of the included participants have heard about Brucellosis. Among those who had heard about Brucellosis, 70% had a good knowledge about Brucellosis and that was significantly associated with male gender, being healthcare workers (HCWs), and having a higher level of education. Participants who directly involved in animal care represented 9%, and attitudes and practices regarding brucellosis were varied from average to unsatisfactory. This variation was significantly affected by the level of knowledge. Conclusion: About 50% of the general population of Jazan Province had never heard about Brucellosis, in a region found prevalent for this disease. Good knowledge was recorded in 70% of those who were aware of Brucellosis, which was significantly associated with the male sex, job as being HCW, and having a higher level of education. These results necessitate public awareness campaign activities to improve knowledge and practices, especially among women, the younger generation, and individuals with limited educational backgrounds. This action could reduce the burden of the disease.

Objective: The wide-reaching Culex pipiens has long been a public apprehension. Combating serious vector-borne diseases requires the use of insecticides effective against both humans and the ecosystem. The wide variation of botanicals that nature has to offer tempts researchers to study their interactions with the insects. Environment-friendly insecticides light up hope for maintaining ecological balance and pollution mitigation. This study aimed at evaluating the insecticidal, oxidative, and genotoxic activities of eucalyptus and clove oils on C. pipiens adults and larvae. Methods: The chemical composition of essential oils was determined via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The bioassay was performed, with eucalyptus oil showing the highest toxicity index (LC 50 of 0.108% after 24 h in adults and LC 50 of 0.014% after 48 h in larvae). Results: Fumigation effects showed Eucalyptus to have higher toxicity than clove oil, with an LC 50 of 0.108% and 0.014% after 24 h and 48 h, respectively, in adults and larvae. The effect of tested oils on the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase varied with increasing oil concentrations. The genotoxic effects of the tested oils were dose-dependent, with an increase of all comet parameters compared with those in the control. Conclusion: The tested oils showed encouraging potentiality as green insecticides in combating C. pipiens. ÖZAmaç: Geniş alana yayılan Culex pipiens uzun süredir bir toplum sorunudur. Vektör aracılığıyla bulaşan ciddi hastalıklarla mücadelede, insanlara ve ekosisteme karşı etkili insektisitlerin kullanımı gerekmektedir. Doğanın sunduğu geniş botanik çeşitlilik, araştırmacıları böceklerle etkileşimlerini çalışmaya teşvik etmektedir. Çevreyle dost insektisitler ekolojik dengenin sürdürülmesi ve kirliliğin azaltılması için umut vaat etmektedirler. Bu çalışmada okaliptus ve karanfil yağlarının C. Pipiens yetişkinleri ve larvaları üzerindeki insektisidal, oksidatif ve genotoksik etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Yöntemler: Esansiyel yağların kimyasal kompozisyonu gaz kromatografisi/kitle spektrometresi ile belirlendi. En yüksek toksisite indeksini gösteren okaliptüs yağı ile biyoanaliz yapıldı (yetişkinlerde 24 saatten sonra %0,108 LC 50 , ve larvalarda 48 saat sonrasında %0,014 LC 50 ). Bulgular: Fümigasyon etkileri okaliptüsün karanfil yağına kıyasla daha yüksek toksisitesinin olduğunu gösterdi (yetişkin ve larvalarda sırasıyla 24 ve 48 saat sonrasında, %0,108 ve %0,014 LC 50 ). Test edilen yağların glutatyon peroksidaz, katalaz ve süperoksit dismutaz aktiviteleri üzerindeki etkisi artan yağ konsantrasyonlarıyla birlikte değişiklik gösterdi. Kontrollerle kıyaslandığında, tüm komet parametrelerindeki bir artışla, test edilen yağların genotoksik etkileri doza bağımlı bulundu. Sonuç: Test edilen yağlar C. pipiens ile mücadelede yeşil insektisitler olarak umut verici bir potansiyele sahiptir.

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