Background: Patients in intensive care units require comprehensive care.Hence, improving health care quality depends on accurate assessment and documentation.Aim: To develop and validate the content of an assessment sheet for critically ill patients.Study Design and Methods: A Delphi design study was conducted between January and March 2020. The content validity index (CVI) was used to calculate the degree of agreement among the experts to analyse the instrument and the entire set of items.Content validity was determined by seven experts (three critical care nursing professionals, two critical care doctors, and two anaesthesiologists) using a four-point Likert scale. They evaluated the items in terms of the following: 1 = "irrelevant," 2 = "somewhat relevant if the phrasing is profoundly adjusted," 3 = "relevant with some adjustment as to phrasing," and 4 = "very relevant." The CVI was applied, and the accepted value was ≥0.50.Results: Three rounds of evaluation were required to achieve the minimum index.The items were reviewed for content and face validity. The instrument was validated with 86 items with a total CVI of 0.90, a face validity of 1, and a scale-level content validity index/universal agreement calculation method (S-CVI/UA) value of 0.813. Conclusion:This instrument can help nurses, doctors, academics, and students assess patients in intensive care units.

Background: Acupressure decreases muscular tension, enhancing blood circulation, makes deep relaxation and improving sleep quality. Aim: to investigate effect of acupressure on sleep quality among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Design: a quasi-experimental design.

Background: Oral care is one of the fundamental nursing care procedures used to decrease oral colonization, dental plaque, respiratory infections, and patient stay and cost.Aims: This study aimed to identify intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' self-assessment of oral care frequency, skill competency, documentation, oral care tools, and obstacles to oral care quality. In addition, it proposed exploring associations between nurses' attitudes about the importance of oral care and the priority of other interventions. Study design and setting:A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in two ICUs (trauma and general) in the main teaching hospital in Upper Egypt. Of 105 nurses selected using convenience sampling, 91 completed the questionnaire.Results: About 60.4% of ICU nurses did not attend any oral care training programme, 40.7% reported performing oral care four times per shift in intubated patients, 62.6% reported that their skills needed improvement, 37.4% saw themselves as competent, and 86.8% documented oral care in patients' records. Significant positive correlations were found, indicating that nurses' attitudes towards the importance of oral care showed the same tendency as the priority given to other interventions, such as eye care, bowel care, documentation, hygiene, catheters, feeding, and wound care (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.290, 0.511, 0.333, 0.425, 0.431, 0.345, and 0.337, respectively). Furthermore, a toothbrush (84.6%) was often used, while chlorhexidine was not used (90.1%). The major obstacles to the provision of oral care as perceived by the nurses were the fear of aspiration and life-threatening interventions (95.6%), inadequate nurse-patient ratios (94.5%), irregular competency evaluations (92.3%), unavailability of oral care guidelines (92.3%), and shortage of time (84.6%). Conclusion:The participating nurses were mindful of the importance and priority of oral care. Many of them did not attend oral care training programmes and considered that their skills needed improvement. Moreover, ICU nurses reported many obstacles hindering oral care quality.Relevance to clinical practice: This research identifies the importance of developing in-service oral care training programmes to improve ICU nurses' skill competency.High-quality oral care can be provided by focusing on and overcoming obstacles that hinder nurses' oral care practice.

Prevention of corneal complications for intensive care unit patients is effective way to avoid corneal damage. Polyethylene covering is transparent dressing creates moist chamber providing a barrier against tear-film evaporation and providing physical barrier to organisms Aim: this study was carried out to investigate the impact of polyethylene eye covers dressing on preventing corneal complications. Design: A quasi-experimental design. Setting: Trauma Intensive Care Unit at Assiut University Hospital. Subjects: A convenience sample of 120 eyes of 60 adults patients divided into study and control groups (30 patient for each). Tools: tool I Patient assessment sheet. Tool II: Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale. Tool III: Eye assessment tool. Tool IV: Eye care technique, eye lid closure and eye cover by using polyethylene eye cover. Methods: Researcher assessed each patient's eye and ability to maintain eyelid closure. Then, eye care technique was applied, eye lid closure and eye cover by using polyethylene cover to each patient's eye for preventing corneal complications. Results: Finding of present study revealed that there was significant statistical difference between both study and control groups in 7 th day in relation to corneal ulcer in right eye and left eye ( P = 0.001& 0.000) respectively .Conclusion: eye lid closure and eye cover by using polyethylene eye cover could be significantly effective in preventing corneal complications.

The study was conducted to determine the incidence of E. coli serotypes in beef and chicken shawarma sandwiches, particularly E. coli O157:H7. The antibacterial activity of nano-emulsions (NEs) was evaluated, such as cinnamon and rosemary, against E. coli O157:H7. A total of 100 samples from ready-to-eat beef and chicken meat shawarma sandwiches (50 each) were isolated and identified as E. coli using a Sorbitol MacConkey (SMAC) agar assay. The results were confirmed by serology and polymerase chain reaction PCR using the phoA gene, which is specific for E. coli and the fliCH7 gene, which is specific for E. coli O157:H7. Cinnamon and rosemary NEs were prepared, characterized, and evaluated in vitro to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using a well diffusion method. The incidence of E. coli species isolated from beef and chicken shawarma sandwiches samples was 58% and 10%, respectively. While, E. coli O157:H7 was detected in 6% of beef shawarma sandwiches only. Both cinnamon and rosemary NEs exhibited antimicrobial activity against E. coli O157:H7, and the cinnamon NE was more effective compared with that of rosemary with a mean inhibition zone of 7.67 ± 1.202 mm and 7 ± 0.5774 mm at MIC 0.78% and 3.125%. Further studies are required to detect the safety of effectiveness of natural NEs in the food industry.