Bronchial asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease affecting the airway. Cytokines have a pivotal role in regulation of the immune response, and in development of asthma. Interleukin 33 is a newly discovered member of cytokines, belongs to interleukin 1 family. Previous studies have reported that expression of IL33 is associated with bronchial asthma. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of interleukin 33 (IL33) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1929992 in asthmatic patients and determine the relation of IL33SNP to IL33 serum level. The Results of RFLP were validated by using sterile distilled water. This study included 100 patients from Egypt, Beni Suef governorate (Upper Egypt) and Mansoura governorate (Delta region), complaining of chronic asthma and 100 control subjects with matched sex and residence. Blood samples from study subjects were used for determination of serum IL33by ELISA and IL33 SNP rs1929992 by PCR-RFLP. There was no significant difference between the proportions of IL33 SNP rs1929992 genotypes in asthma patients and the control group. Allele ‘A’ predominates in asthmatics though this did not achieve statistical significance (P=0.071). IL33 level was compared in the three IL33 SNP rs1929992 genotypes; G/G, G/A, and A/A, and it revealed no significant difference (P = 0.958). The association between IL33 with asthma showed that the log-additive model is the best inheritance model which marks allele ‘A’ as the risk allele. In contrast, IL33 serum level was significantly higher in severe asthma than the moderate asthma and the mild type (P<0.0005). Spearman’s correlation test showed that IL33 level rises as asthma severity increases (rs=0.880, P<0.0005). In conclusion our data revealed no evidence that SNP of IL33 rs1929992 may contribute to the development of asthma in Egyptian population. However, there is a strong positive correlation between IL33 serum level and asthma severity.

This research endeavors to reach the following aims: (1) Measuring the degree of job burnout among extension personnel in Minia Governorate; (2) Measuring the degree of organizational causes for job burnout according to the perceptions of extension personnel in Minia Governorate; (3) Identifying the most significant causes of affecting job burnout among the studied organizational causes. The research was conducted on 152 respondents representing 89.4% of the total number of extension personnel in Minya Governorate (170 personnel). Data were collected using questionnaire forms during July 2022. Frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for data presentation and analysis. The results showed a high level of job burnout among the respondents in general and with respect to each of the three dimensions of job burnout, in addition to the high degree of most of the organizational causes of job burnout. The results also indicated that there are four organizational causes (reward, control, workload, and fairness) significantly explains 23.2% of the total variance in job burnout.

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