Aims: This study aims to test the antioxidant activity of red and purple H. sabdariffa flower petals extract and conduct qualitative phytochemical screening. Study Design: Antioxidant potential of red and purple H. sabdariffa flower petal extract analyzed by spectrometric assays. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at School of Pharmacy Muhammadiyah Cirebon, Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia from the year of 2020 to 2021. Methodology: Red and purple H. sabdariffa petals extracted with 70% ethanol. The extract was then examined for its antioxidant activity using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method, after the qualitative phytochemical screening. Results: In this study, the concentration of red and purple H. sabdariffa petals extract dependently demonstrated the ability to scavenge DPPH. In the DPPH radical scavenging activity test, the red and purple H. sabdariffa petasl extracts designating IC50 values of 63.77 and 37.19 µg/ml and fall into the category of strong and very strong antioxidant activity. Meanwhile, phytochemical screening tests showed the existence of flavonoids and polyphenols in the extract of red and purple H. sabdariffa petals. Conclusion: This study shows that the red and purple H. sabdariffa petals extract has potential as a promising natural antioxidant agent for the treatment of oxidative stress.

Medicinal plants play an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus, especially in developing countries. A comprehensive review is conducted to accumulate information about medicinal plants with hypoglycemic properties. Rubiaceae represents one of five families of the most species-rich flowering plants. The Rubiaceae family is the largest plant family of 617 genera and about 13,137 species found worldwide, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Based on searches in several scientific journals, 617 genera of authors get about 34 species of plants that have antidiabetic activity. This review aims to provide information on the antidiabetic activity of the Rubiaceae family based on primary data from various literature and scientific articles collected by the search through online sites. The profile presented includes information on scientific and family names, plant parts and test models used, dosage and active chemicals. Information on antidiabetic medicinal plants can stimulate researchers to conduct further research on the potential use of medicinal plants that have antidiabetic potential.

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The emergence of resistant bacteria strain has become a global health concern. It encourages the exploration of potential antibacterial agents, particularly from natural sources. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of root, stems, leaves, and flowers of Polygonum pulchrum Blume against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, through disc diffusion method using cup-plate method. Inhibition zone against S. aureus from roots, stems, leaves, and flowers ethanol extract were 3.5 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.25 mm, and 2.62 mm, respectively, while the inhibition zone against E. coli were 2.25 mm, 2.12 mm, 1.62 mm, and 1.75 mm, respectively. In conclusion, ethanol extract of root, stem, leaves, and flower of P. pulchrum Bl possessed weak antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli.

The potential toxicity effect presents in the medicinal plants is important to be identified for the safety assurance. Accute toxicity study is an initial step in the drug safety assurance test. Thus, the aim of this study is to identify the potential acute toxicity of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers ethanol extracts of bamboo bamboo plants (Polygonum pulchrum Blume). This study used brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method. The total number of larvae used in each concentrations in three times replications was 330 larvae. Each group was given consecutively roots, stems, leaves and flowers ethanol extracts of P. pulchrum Blume plants with variation concentrations 12.5 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 125 μg/ml, 250 μg/ ml, 500 μg/ml, 1000 μg/ml, 2000 μg/ml, and 4000 μg/ml. The number of dead larvae after 24 hours treatment were calculated to obtain the mortality percentages and to determine the LC 50 value, which were determined by probit analysis using MiniTab application version 17.1.0. Ethanol extract of P. pulchrum roots and stems resulted LC 50 values of 933.08 μg/ml and 919.58 μg/ml, respectively. While the LC 50 values of leaves and flowers extracts were 2207.06 μg/ml and 1081.90 μg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, P. pulchrum Blume roots and stems were classified as toxic according to BLST method, while leaves and flowers were not.