The liver is the body’s most critical organ that performs vital functions. Hepatic disorders can affect the physiological and biochemical functions of the body. Hepatic disorder is a condition that describes the damage to cells, tissues, structures, and functions of the liver, which can cause fibrosis and ultimately result in cirrhosis. These diseases include hepatitis, ALD, NAFLD, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and HCC. Hepatic diseases are caused by cell membrane rupture, immune response, altered drug metabolism, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and cell death. Despite the breakthrough in modern medicine, there is no drug that is effective in stimulating the liver function, offering complete protection, and aiding liver cell regeneration. Furthermore, some drugs can create adverse side effects, and natural medicines are carefully selected as new therapeutic strategies for managing liver disease. Kaempferol is a polyphenol contained in many vegetables, fruits, and herbal remedies. We use it to manage various diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and cancers. Kaempferol is a potent antioxidant and has anti-inflammatory effects, which therefore possesses hepatoprotective properties. The previous research has studied the hepatoprotective effect of kaempferol in various hepatotoxicity protocols, including acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity, ALD, NAFLD, CCl4, HCC, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury. Therefore, this report aims to provide a recent brief overview of the literature concerning the hepatoprotective effect of kaempferol and its possible molecular mechanism of action. It also provides the most recent literature on kaempferol’s chemical structure, natural source, bioavailability, and safety.
Indonesia has the world's country second largest forest biodiversity, with 28,000 plant species, of which 2,500 species, including Castanopsis costata, commonly known as "Cep-cepan", are used as medicine. 9-10 C. costata belongs to the Fagaceae family and has been known to exhibit therapeutic activities, for instance, anti-fever, digestive issue alleviation, and analgesic properties. 11 According to previous studies, C. costata exhibits numerous biological properties, including antioxidant activity, 12 antiinflammatory activity, 13 and antimalaria activity. 10 Furthermore, in North Sumatra, the plant is frequently used to treat diabetes, however, there are no studies confirming this practice. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of the extract and fractions of C. costata leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant material collection and preparationAbout 10 kg of fresh C. costata leaves were collected in Pancur Batu Districts, North Sumatra, and transported to the Central Laboratory, Buana Perjuangan Karawang University for cleaning, air drying, milling, and extraction. The Herbarium Unit of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Universitas Padjadjaran later recognized the plant as C. costata (Code: 219/HB/04/2017). Reagents and instrumentsThis study induced diabetes in Swiss albino mice using alloxan monohydrate (Sigma Chemical
Aims: This study aims to test the antioxidant activity of red and purple H. sabdariffa flower petals extract and conduct qualitative phytochemical screening. Study Design: Antioxidant potential of red and purple H. sabdariffa flower petal extract analyzed by spectrometric assays. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at School of Pharmacy Muhammadiyah Cirebon, Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia from the year of 2020 to 2021. Methodology: Red and purple H. sabdariffa petals extracted with 70% ethanol. The extract was then examined for its antioxidant activity using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method, after the qualitative phytochemical screening. Results: In this study, the concentration of red and purple H. sabdariffa petals extract dependently demonstrated the ability to scavenge DPPH. In the DPPH radical scavenging activity test, the red and purple H. sabdariffa petasl extracts designating IC50 values of 63.77 and 37.19 µg/ml and fall into the category of strong and very strong antioxidant activity. Meanwhile, phytochemical screening tests showed the existence of flavonoids and polyphenols in the extract of red and purple H. sabdariffa petals. Conclusion: This study shows that the red and purple H. sabdariffa petals extract has potential as a promising natural antioxidant agent for the treatment of oxidative stress.
Obat-obatan herbal dan sediaannya telah banyak digunakan selama ratusan tahun di seluruh dunia. Banyak pendekatan analitis modern digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas tanaman obat, dan sejumlah besar data pengukuran telah dihasilkan. Studi yang melibatkan aplikasi kemometrik yang dikombinasikan dengan metode analisis, seperti HPLC, GC, spektroskopi NMR, UV dan IR telah banyak dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas mutu tumbuhan yang berupa diskriminasi taksonomi, penilaian kualitas atau klasifikasi antara tanaman dengan asal geografis yang berbeda. Tinjauan ini bertujuan pada penerapan aplikasi kemometrik sebagai metode yang efisien dan efektif untuk penentuan kualitas mutu tumbuhan.Kata kunci: Kemometrik, herbal, analisis, obat tradisional, mutu
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