Apis mellifera beekeeping in Indonesia has been practiced mainly in Java since 1970's; nevertheless, the honey productivity is considerably low in both quantity and quality. To identify problems of beekeeping from beekeeper perspectives, we conducted a case study in Pati Regency, Central Java Province, by interviewing respondents selected based on the method of purposive sampling from several villages in Gembong subdistrict. There were six main problems in A. mellifera beekeeping. The decreasing of bee forages and the unavailability of funding were the major problems faced by beekeepers, each stated by 78.13% and 59.38% respondent opinions, followed by the lack of extension services concerning beekeeping value (50.%) and technical advisory (37.50%), the decreasing queen quality (25%), and the honeybee pest (18.75%). There have been seven solutions to solve the problems proposed by beekeepers, i.e. developing bee forage plantation in forest areas (87.50%), subsidizing sugar (50.%), subsidizing equipment (37.50%), standardizing honey price (31.25%), arranging migratory schedules (25%), formulating the rules of felling randu trees (18.75%), and subsidizing honeybee queen (18.75%). All the solutions basically connected merely to problems of bee forages and funding. It can be concluded that the decrease of bee forage availability and problem of funding are two major obstacles for the development of A. mellifera beekeeping in Indonesia.
This research was designed to get information on the characteristics of small scale private forest using mix farming pattern which is sustainably managed (product, income, and ecology ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang karakteristik hutan rakyat dengan pola kebun campuran atau sering disebut hutan rakyat swadaya, yang dinilai lebih memenuhi aspek kelestarian produksi dan pendapatan. Kajian ditinjau dari aspek teknis dan sosial-ekonomi petani. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kebun campuran saat ini masih dikelola secara tradisional. Komposisi jenis tanaman yang ada bervariasi antar daerah, secara umum jenis kayu yang dijumpai adalah sengon, mahoni, maesopsis sedangkan jenis buah-buahan adalah durian, pete, dan melinjo. Di Pandeglang komposisi tanaman terdiri dari 38,45% kayukayuan, 49,88% buah-buahan, dan 11,67% tumbuhan bawah. Sedangkan di Sukabumi terdiri dari 52,43% kayu-kayuan, 28,68% buah-buahan, dan 18,89% tumbuhan bawah. Penghasilan dari kebun campuran ditentukan oleh perbandingan komposisi antara pohon kayu-kayuan dengan buah-buahan dan bentuk hasil kayu yang dijual. Di Pandeglang pendapatan dari kebun campuran sebesar Rp 2.477.323/ha/tahun (21,62% berasal dari kayu). Sedangkan di Sukabumi sebesar Rp 3.973.039/ha/tahun (60,30% berasal dari kayu). Hasil analisis vegetasi menunjukkan struktur vegetasi kebun campuran lebih sederhana dibandingkan dengan struktur vegetasi di hutan alam, tetapi dari segi kerapatan pohon dan penutupan tajuk mendekati ekosistem hutan alam. Dari segi keanekaragaman hayati kebun campuran di Pandeglang lebih baik dibandingkan di Sukabumi. Kondisi keanekaragaman kebun campuran di kedua lokasi untuk tingkat pohon dijumpai 28-39 jenis dan dari segi penutupan tajuk berkisar antara 96,4-246,3% sehingga lebih baik dari segi manfaat ekologis. Upaya peningkatan produktivitas dapat dilakukan dengan perbaikan teknis silvikultur/budidaya dan modifikasi pola tanam. Kata kunci : Hutan rakyat, kebun campuran, komposisi, vegetasi, pendapatan I. PENDAHULUANHutan rakyat tidak diragukan lagi memegang peran penting dalam kegiatan rehabilitasi lahan dan kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Pemanfaatan kayu rakyat telah berkembang untuk berbagai keperluan seperti untuk bahan bangunan,
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