Program Studi Ilmu Gizi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya Malang 240 ABSTRAKAnak Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) dengan patologi usus hipersensitifitas terhadap makanan atau leaky gut seringkali menunjukkan defisiensi vitamin dan mineral diantaranya tidak tercukupinya kebutuhan vitamin A dan C dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Salah satu cara penanganan anak ASD adalah dengan memberikan suplemen vitamin A dan C. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecenderungan atau pengaruh penggunaan suplemen vitamin A dan C terhadap perilaku anak ASD. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah case study dengan mengamati perubahan perilaku pada lima kasus ASD yang menggunakan suplemen vitamin A dan C. Penilaian perilaku dilakukan dengan menggunakan Applied Behavioral Analysis. Hasil menunjukkan pada semua kasus menunjukkan konsumsi vitamin A dan C sebagai hasil suplemen vitamin. Pada satu kasus dengan absorbsi vitamin A dan C yang rendah karena kurangnya konsumsi lemak dan protein menunjukkan perilaku yang kurang. Empat kasus lain menunjukkan perilaku yang lebih baik. Kata Kunci: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), perilaku, vitamin A, vitamin C ABSTRACT Clinical laboratory data show that in Autism Spectrum Disease with intestinal pathology hypersensitivity to food or leaky gut often shows a list of long deficiencies of vitamins and minerals such as deficiency in vitamin A and C. One way of handling children with ASD is to provide supplements of vitamins A and C. This study aims to identify the effect of vitamin

Endosulfan is a persistent organic pollutant commonly used as an insecticide in Indonesia. It has been reported to cause teratogenic effects, i.e., to decrease humoral activity, produce inflammation, and induce apoptosis in various type of cells. This study investigated the effect of endosulfan on the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α in rats (Rattus norvegicus), as well as the incidence of fetal brain cell apoptosis. This experiment was carried out on pregnant rats divided into 4 groups: negative control (I), endosulfan: 1 mg/kg (II), 10 mg/kg (III), and 50 mg/kg (IV). The solution of endosulfan was given daily during the 20-day test period. Rat serum was collected for the measurement of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α using the ELISA kit. Fetal rat brains were taken and stained with Annexin V for apoptosis detection. The proinflammatory cytokine levels in Groups II, III, and IV were higher than in Group I, with significant increases of IL-1β (p = 0.016), IL-6 (p = 0.009), IL-17 (p < 0.001), and TNF-α (p < 0.001). The intensity of Annexin V in 4 groups of rats showed that the incidence of apoptosis increased with increasing endosulfan doses. In conclusion, the administration of endosulfan in pregnant rats increased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α and triggered apoptosis in fetal brain cells.