Background: Persistent hyperlipidemia is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity in patients with nephrotic and non-nephrotic patients. Low-density lipoprotein-apheresis (LDL-apheresis) was shown to rapidly remove lipid structures. The current study aimed to compare the initial lipid profiles in patients with nephrotic syndrome and non-nephrotic hyperlipidemia as well as to evaluate the lipid profile of each group following a single treatment with LDL-apheresis. Methods:This is an open-label observational cross-sectional study of patients treated with LDL-apheresis including ten patients with nephrotic syndrome and thirteen patients with non-nephrotic hyperlipidemia who were either resistant and/or intolerant of lipid lowering therapy, with normal kidney function. Routine blood tests with full traditional lipid profile (Total cholesterol-(TC), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Triglycerides-(TG)) were determined before and after 12-hours following a single LDL-apheresis procedure.Results: Both groups were comparable by sex and age with more males than female in both groups. Baseline lipid profile was different between the two groups with nephrotic syndrome patients having significantly higher TC (p=0.05), LDL (p<0.001) and HDL (p<0.02) than those with non-nephrotic hyperlipidemia. A single treatment with LDL-apheresis resulted in significant improvements in the lipid profile of both groups including TC, HDL, LDL and TG, however HDL not significantly reduced in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Conclusion:Resistant nephrotic syndrome patients have a more severe and persistent hyperlipidemia than patients with non-nephrotic hyperlipidemia. The current study shows that LDL-apheresis is a safe and effective alternative to those who cannot tolerate or resistant to conventional treatments.

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The most common aetiology of rhabdomyolysis was trauma and burns. Incidence of AKI (39.1%) was higher, compared to other studies. No significant difference in the age, comorbidities, length of hospital stay between AKI and non-AKI groups. Acute kidney injury more likely develops in the presence of high uric acid levels. Mortality was more in the AKI group. This is a single centre retrospective study and larger multicentre studies are required to further evaluate the predisposing factors.

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Pathophysiological, pathomorphological and functional changes in the kidneys after left ventricular assist device implantation have not yet been fully understood and represent an actual problem of our time. Changes in renal function following left ventricular assist device implantation have been disclosed in many studies with inconsistent results. Some studies have shown that patients with renal dysfunction after left ventricular assist device implantation had worse outcomes, despite stabilization or even improvement of kidney function during the postoperative period, other studies have shown the progression of chronic kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy.