Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging disease of cattle in Kazakhstan and the means of transmission remains uncertain. In the current study, retention of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) by three Stomoxys species following intrathoracic inoculation was demonstrated under laboratory conditions. A virulent LSDV strain was injected into the thorax of flies to bypass the midgut barrier. The fate of the pathogen in the hemolymph of the flies was examined using PCR and virus isolation tests. LSDV was isolated from all three Stomoxys species up to 24h post inoculation while virus DNA was detectable up to 7d post inoculation.

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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging transboundary viral disease of cattle originating from the African continent. Here we describe the first LSD outbreak reported in the Republic of Kazakhstan, in July 2016. Initially, LSD was reported in a cattle farm located 49 km from Kazakh –Russian border in, Atyrau Oblast in West Kazakhstan. Subsequently, the disease spread to neighbouring farms situated within the same district. Following a preliminary investigation, the local State Veterinary Service declared a strict quarantine according to the State Contingency Plan, along with immediate total stamping out and cattle movement restrictions. During the outbreak, the number of affected cattle within an epidemiological unit reached 459 cattle out of registered 3557 susceptible cattle with 12.90% morbidity and 0.96%, mortality. This manuscript presents the epidemiological situation, the diagnosis, the control measures including mass vaccination and the stamping out campaign.s

The purpose of this study was to conduct microbiological studies of poultry meat imported into Mongolia and establish the serotypes and plasmids of Salmonella and determine the virulence of the gene encoding antibiotic resistance and its transmigratory properties. The PCR molecular biological method was used and according to the results, Salmonella enteritidis was identified in chicken carcasses of the American company, Tyson, the Chinese firm, Xilingol and a domestic company. On detection of pathogenic microbes in the chicken meat, the following data were obtained: Salmonella and Escherichia coli were found in samples from Tyson, with the participation of the company, Capital Market, from the wagon number MWCU521698. All this pointed to the possibility of the contamination of food before entering Mongolia. Salmonella and E. coli were identified in samples from the Russian company, Leghorn, while E. coli was found in Xilingol chickens sold on the Mercury food market. E. coli was also found in chicken meat from the workshop of the Mongolian firm, Tumen Shuvuut. Salmonella and Pseudomonos were then pinpointed at the Khuchit Shonkhor meat market, which indicated an increase in microbial contamination of chicken meat during the marketing and transportation stages. Microbiological research into Tyson's frozen chicken meat, with the participation of Capital Market and Xilingol, showed that the total number of microbes exceeded 3-3.5 times the standard MNS6308: 2012. We identified invA genes and DT 104 Salmonella plasmids using PCR. The detection of antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolated from chicken meat was established by the DNA sequence for chloramphenicol -878 bp, for ampicillin-692 bp, for sulfatomycin-293 bp. From the above data, it follows that chicken meat was heavily contaminated with various pathogenic bacteria before entering the Mongolian market.

In this study, Stomoxys species (S. calcitrans, S. sitiens and S. indica) were examined to improve on the current technique for mass rearing using a method of combined incubation parameters. Moreover, the reproductive potential of immature forms at various stages of development was defined. Immature forms of stable flies were incubated according to species. There was no significant difference in the number of immature forms obtained among species incubated under the same conditions. Six incubation parameters were used in combination, at temperatures (T) of 32°C, 27°C and 22°C and relative humidity (RH) of 90% and 70% RH. The combined method resulted in a higher number of eggs hatching at 32°C and 90% humidity as well as an increase in the number of larva pupated and emergence of imago at 27°C and 70% humidity.