This paper explores cultural shock experiences encountered by African students studying in Indonesian Universities. The study used qualitative approach to collect data through in-depth face-to-face interviews with African students and participant observation. The findings of the study reveal that many African students had experienced unfamiliar situation that are different from those of their home countries in the course of study in Indonesia. Such situation leads to what is called "culture shock", which includes new academic life, culture fatigue, language barrier and food outlets. The study has shown that most of the stress had a profound impact on shaping their acculturation and living in Indonesia. The study adds knowledge to literature, particularly on generating ideas for better management of culture shock in an alien environment. Accordingly, the study recommends that before embarking to abroad for education, it is very important to understand the mechanism and consequences of study abroad and shape our knowledge of how these experience function worldwide and students should develop positive attitudes in order to ease their adjustment to an alien culture and setting.

This paper examines the worldview of Tanzanian poetry in English. It focuses on selected poems of Mabala (1980) entitled Summons: Poems from Tanzania. The study places the poems under Lucien Goldmann’s genetic structuralism approach and argues against the historical context and discourse of Tanzania between 1960s and 1980’s. Specifically, the study analyses the author’s social and historical conditions influenced the production of the Summons poetry and showcases how the author’s worldview in particular poems in general are creatively explored in the social realities. The exploration of worldview in selected poems congruence the social and historical realities and the Socialism ideology [society’s worldview or global structure]. In other words, the exploration of the worldview in the selected poems confirms the homology of the global structure. The poems construct the ideal values of socialist state that seemed relevant in the post-independence Tanzania. They, in one or another provide the historical account for the building of Socialism ideology. They are about and against the ideology which confuse the vision people have of themselves and of their lives and the friction that failed the implementation of Socialism ideology. The study appropriates dialectic method to achieve the coherence of meaning of the text as a whole (poem structure and global structure).

This paper examines the language of online advertisements in telecom companies in Tanzania. The study in particular, interrogates the way language mediates cultural ideologies and media in relation to the status and position of women in the society. A total of 15 selected online advertisements from Tigo Tanzania,Vodacom Tanzania, and Airtel Tanzania Limited telecom were analysed through Content Analysis Method. Through the analysis and interpretation of online advertisements, it can be argued that online advertisements of the companies are ideologically representative of the existing power relations that affects the women subgroup in the Tanzanian society. The language of the online advertisements is ascribed with the stereotyping and an appendage women's roles compared to their counterparts men to appeal men consumers and those with male-defined interests. However, with increasing efforts to impart awareness on equality and women's right today, some advertisements ascribe women with positive roles that in the same way appeal taste of the consumers of the services and products of the companies.

With the ever-increasing outbreak of intrastate and interstate wars since the mid-20th century, Africa has experienced mass displacement of people which has subsequently resulted in an increase of displaced communities in the world. From these displaced communities, African refugees constitute a significant share of the total displaced people in the globe, which count to 68.5 million people. The present study explored representation of traumas of displacement in Marie Therese Toyis Weep Not, Refugee. The study deployed Ruth Caruths tenets of trauma studies in literature. The findings of the study affirm the authors use Weep Not Refugee to explore the significant contribution of displacement to delineate and circumscribe Burundian refugees with traumatised and reduced identities in areas of displacement. In most cases, the journey of leaving home and later their lives in refuge of Burundians are explicated to be surrounded by tragic experience and reduced identities that ascribe them to burden and non-entity beings. Moreover, the authors provide an opportunity for readers to explore displacement and its significant contribution to the constructions of cultural trauma among refugees. Because of ethnic war which has led to displacement of Burundians to other areas, Burundians have to lose some cultural aspects and invent new ones for the sake of cultural adjustment in the foreign land they are hosted.Keywords: displacement, reduced identities, trauma

With the ever-increasing outbreak of intrastate and interstate wars since the mid-20 th century, Africa has experienced mass displacement of people which has subsequently resulted in an increase of displaced communities in the world. From these displaced communities, African refugees constitute a significant share of the total displaced people in the globe, which count to 68.5 million people. The present study explored representation of traumas of displacement in Marie Therese Toyi's Weep Not, Refugee. The study deployed Ruth Caruth's tenets of trauma studies in literature. The findings of the study affirm the authors use Weep Not Refugee to explore the significant contribution of displacement to delineate and circumscribe Burundian refugees with traumatised and reduced identities in areas of displacement. In most cases, the journey of leaving home and later their lives in refuge of Burundians are explicated to be surrounded by tragic experience and reduced identities that ascribe them to burden and non-entity beings. Moreover, the authors provide an opportunity for readers to explore displacement and its significant contribution to the constructions of cultural trauma among refugees. Because of ethnic war which has led to displacement of Burundians to other areas, Burundians have to lose some cultural aspects and invent new ones for the sake of cultural adjustment in the foreign land they are hosted.