El artículo analiza los efectos de la minería en los territorios y en los modos de vida de pobladores locales, al igual que la violencia que genera tanto hacia hombres como mujeres. Asimismo, las respuestas y propuestas de movimientos liderados por mujeres, quienes demandan el derecho a la vida, la autonomía y el control territorial. La autora denomina feminismos territoriales a algunas de estas dinámicas políticas, centradas en la circulación y defensa de la vida, el cuerpo, el territorio y la naturaleza, y en la crítica a los procesos de desarrollo capitalista y extractivista.
Mega-damming, pollution and depletion endanger rivers worldwide. Meanwhile, modernist imaginaries of ordering ‘unruly waters and humans’ have become cornerstones of hydraulic-bureaucratic and capitalist development. They separate hydro/social worlds, sideline river-commons cultures, and deepen socio-environmental injustices. But myriad new water justice movements (NWJMs) proliferate: rooted, disruptive, transdisciplinary, multi-scalar coalitions that deploy alternative river–society ontologies, bridge South–North divides, and translate river-enlivening practices from local to global and vice-versa. This paper's framework conceptualizes ‘riverhood’ to engage with NWJMs and river commoning initiatives. We suggest four interrelated ontologies, situating river socionatures as arenas of material, social and symbolic co-production: ‘river-as-ecosociety’, ‘river-as-territory’, ‘river-as-subject’, and ‘river-as-movement’.
En Latinoamérica, los actuales análisis sobre transformaciones ambientales y cambio climático se centran en los efectos y conflictos socioterritoriales y en su articulación con la Conquista y la Colonia. En este contexto, se analizará la pertinencia de las perspectivas del Antropoceno y del Capitaloceno al destacar las implicaciones del giro antropocénico en torno a geopolíticas del conocimiento, diferenciación territorial, desplazamiento de los extractivismos, y la falta de reconocimiento de otras ontologías y epistemologías. Se discutirán los alcances de la noción de Capitaloceno y su relación con procesos de valorización y apropiación de naturalezas y territorios. Se presentarán replanteamientos y propuestas que responden a perspectivas culturales y territoriales frente al cambio climático y los extractivismos, en diálogo con el Antropoceno y el Capitaloceno.
This article addresses how water is being represented and positioned by Wayúu people in order to claim and defend water’s territorial rights against the expansion of the Cerrejón coal mine, in La Guajira, Colombia. In a semidesertic region in Colombia, Cerrejón (the largest open-pit coal mine in Colombia and Latin America, and the 10th biggest in the world) has created environmental inequalities and control and infrastructure arrangements that transform local water dynamics, affecting Wayúu people in a differentiated way. Cerrejón has intervened the territory technically and environmentally, affecting the river Ranchería and its water streams, which has dispossessed and transformed Wayúu peoples’ cultural and daily relationships with water’s territories. In response, the organization Fuerza de Mujeres Wayúu (FMW) has not only proposed water defense strategies and resistance against mining, but also opened debates about water’s territories and water’s rights. For the FMW the defense of water’s territories (sacred places in which the spirits of water inhabit) implies that Wayúu territories and water are in an embedded relationship which is not possible to fragment or separate either by mining processes or by institutional policies. Their proposals allows us to rethink the notion of water justice, and access to water by humans and nonhumans.
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