Empirical studies have repeatedly shown that autonomous artificial entities elicit social behavior on the part of the human interlocutor. Various theoretical approaches have tried to explain this phenomenon. The agency assumption states that the social influence of human interaction partners (represented by avatars) will always be higher than the influence of artificial entities (represented by embodied conversational agents). Conversely, the Ethopoeia concept predicts that automatic social reactions are triggered by situations as soon as they include social cues. Both theories have been challenged in a 2 × 2 between subjects design with two levels of agency (low: agent, high: avatar) and two interfaces with different degrees of social cues (low: textchat, high: virtual human). The results show that participants in the virtual human condition reported a stronger sense of mutual awareness, imputed more positive characteristics, and allocated more attention to the virtual human than participants in the text chat conditions. Only one result supports the agency assumption; participants who believed to interact with a human reported a stronger feeling of social presence than participants who believed to interact with an artificial entity. It is discussed to what extent these results support the social cue assumption made in the Ethopoeia approach.
Zusammenfassung. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt ein Vokabellernsystem vor, in dem die Körperlichkeit und die Attraktivität sowie die verbale und nonverbale Expressivität des Roboterhasen Nabaztag mit einer zusätzlichen Bildschirmapplikation kombiniert wurde, um Schüler zum Vokabeltraining zu motivieren. Ein integrierter Feedback-Mechanismus greift ergänzend die Idee des one-to-one Tutoring auf. Die Ergebnisse der in einer 5. Klasse durchgeführten Fallstudie zeigen, dass sowohl die pragmatische wie auch die hedonische Qualität der Anwendung von den Nutzern als sehr hoch bewertet wurden. Daneben sind auch die Nützlichkeit und Leichtigkeit im Umgang als sehr hoch eingeschätzt worden. Damit erfüllt die vorge-stellte Anwendung wichtige Grundvoraussetzungen für den erfolgreichen Einsatz eines Roboter-gestützten Lernsystems, das Kindern Spaß bereitet und sie zur erneuten Nutzung motiviert.
Summary.The following article presents a vocabulary training application that combines tangibility and attractiveness of the verbally and nonverbally expressive robot rabbit Nabaztag and an on-screen application. An adaptive feedback mechanism rounds off the learning experience. The results of the case study conducted with fifth grade students show that the junior high school students perceived the hedonic and pragmatic quality of interacting with the rabbit as high and considered both, ease of use and perceived usefulness as high. All in all, the application fulfills essential prerequisites for a successful im-plementation of a robot-assisted vocabulary training system that is pleasurable for children and motivates them to repeated use.Roboter-gestütztes Lernen_hedonische Qualität_Motivation_Vokabeltraining_Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion
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