Objectives: The current clinical trial compared the effects of conventional triple therapy and probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri) plus omeprazole combination in peptic ulcer patients. The secondary objectives included estimating the effects of these regimens on safety and tolerability. Study Design: Randomized clinical trial Abode and Period of Study: This was a six month research study conducted at the National Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan in October 2020 – March 2021. Materials & Methods: A total of 100 patients were recruited, had baseline positive stool antigen test. All the participants were separated into dual groups: conventional triple remedy (group A1) and probiotic with omeprazole combination (group B1). The study's primary endpoint was stool antigen assay and secondary included change in Hb, LFTs and renal function test. Results: The primary endpoints for combination therapy led to significantly greater reductions in positive stool antigen assay than triple therapy. This means that combination therapy is far better than triple therapy. The stool antigen test showed 56.5% positive and 43.5% negative in group A1 while in group B1 34.8% positive while 65.2% negative after treatment were seen with statistically significant difference (p=0.036). Insignificant findings were observed for level of Hb, LFTs and renal function test between both groups during the entire study. Conclusion: This is the first randomized clinical trial in peptic ulcer patients of Pakistan treated with probiotic plus omeprazole combination. Combination therapy was generally well-tolerated and effective in eradicating the Helicobacter pylori after initiation of therapy.

Objective: To assess the histological alterations in basement membrane and fibrosis in renal interstitium of albino rats due to celebrex with enhancement by lycopene.  Study Design: Experimental study. Abode of Study: Animal House of Jinnah Postgraduate institute, Karachi, Materials and Methods: COX-2 inhibitor and antioxidant medicines were used in this research work. These medications were orally administered in 40 male albino rats weighing 200-220gm for experimentation. Rats were housed in separate pens at 23ºC. Rats were arranged into 4 groups including control horde and three experimental hordes. The medications were dose up orally by gastric tube daily for one month.  At completion of experiment, animals were dissected and tissues were well-preserved for staining. Results: In second horde PAS stained kidney segments showed disrupted basement membrane of distended proximal convoluted tubules & ill-defined brush border and fibrosis in renal interstitium, but 3rd horde had intact basement membrane & well-define brush border at the luminal surface of proximal tubular epithelium and there was mild fibrosis in renal interstitium. Conclusion: This study divulges that lycopene convalesce the disrupted basement membrane and fibrosis in second horde.

Objective: To measure the influence of Nigella sativa on testosterone level of albino rats treated with doxorubicin Study Design: Investigational study. Place of Study: Animal House, JPMC, Karachi, Materials and Methods: This study was accompanied on 3-4 months old, 40 albino rats, in the animal house of BMSI, Anatomy department, Karachi for 5 weeks were taken for this study and distributed into 4 groups, A1, A2, A3 &A4. A1 served as control, A2 receive Doxorubicin 3 mg/kg /week intraperitonealy, A3 receive extract of Nigella sativa 1000mg/kg daily orally along with Doxorubicin 3 mg / kg /week intraperitonealy and A4 receive extract of Nigella sativa 1000mg/kg daily orally. At completion of study, animals were sacrifice and tissues were preserved for staining. Time of Study: The time of study was 35 days. Results: In A2 serum Testosterone was markedly decreased, i.e 3.093+0.091 ng/ml as compared to A1 though serum levels were extremely substantial raise in A3 when compared with A2. This shows amended role of Nigella sativa on Doxorubicin induced kidney. Conclusion: This study reveals that Nigella sativa amended the serum levels of testosterone of doxorubicin induced kidney.

Background: Female teachers like other professionals, also face stress and exhaustion due to their jobs, which may lead to burnout. Objective: To investigate the various degrees of burnout and its association with demographic factors on female teachers of private and public sector elementary schools, Karachi Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 800 female teachers in Karachi Pakistan, from January to May 2017. MBI-HSS was used as an instrument for this extensive study, data was stored and analyzed on IBM-SPSS version 22.0. Pearson chi-square was done to see the association of demographics with burnout, one-way ANOVA to compare scores of MBI with marital status and zone, Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons between the groups, and Cronbach's alpha to evaluate the measure of internal consistency. Results: The results revealed that among the female elementary school teachers, a total of 96.9% reported burnout (13% mild, 58% moderate, 19.6% severe, 6.3% extreme) and 3.1% had no burnout. Burnout varies with marital status (highest in married participants) and zone (highest in east zone) (p values<0.05) only. One-way ANOVA demonstrate that the separated women had higher mean scores on MBI scales compared to married & unmarried women (p-value =0.48), furthermore, East zone respondents have higher MBI scores as compared to all other regions. Tukey’s test showed that East zone gave significant mean differences for south and west zone (P-value <0.05). Cronbach’s alpha was found to be (0.384) for the overall scale confirming the reliability of subscales and MBI. Conclusion: Our results show a high prevalence of burnout and the positive association of Burnout with marital status and zones.