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This article examines the self-concept of adolescent girls in Israel as an indication of their relative well-being. It compares self-concept of girls cared for by kin with those cared for in non-related foster families. Self-concept was defined phenomenologically and measured using the Offer Self Image Questionnaire, OSIQ. Results indicate significant differences in psychological self-image, in social relations, sexual self-image and ability to adapt to new situations; adolescents placed with their relatives scored better on all criteria. Results are interpreted according to the girls’ characteristics, biological and adoptive families and relations with them. The authors suggest pointers for future policy and clinical intervention.

•Summary: This article explores the values, knowledge, policy and practice of three different programs of foster care in Israel and their implications for the experiences of all involved: children, parents, foster parents and social workers. •Findings: An innovative methodology is used, whereby social work students collect data. Analysis of this qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews clarifies the issues that are of major concern for foster children, parents, foster parents and foster workers. A connection is made between the service models that support detached, complementary or reciprocal relations and experiences in care. •Applications: The article established the viewpoint that foster care is a creation of a new familial system that needs to deal with issues of power and create reciprocal relations amongst its partners. The conditions necessary for successful care are highlighted.

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