In Indonesia, one of the institutions authorized to issue fatwas is the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI). MUI is an institution with the role and authority to issue fatwas for Indonesian citizens who are diverse in Islam which are not mentioned in the Al-Quran and Hadith. Although not all groups can accept the fatwa issued by the MUI or there are reaping criticism and controversy by some circles, the influence and role of the MUI fatwa are considerable in maintaining the peace of the Indonesian people. Departing from this, it is essential to see fatwas based on the characteristics and essence of fatwas on Islamic economic law. This paper is conducted in qualitative research. There are several approaches used in this paper, namely, the normative approach, the historical approach, and the political approach. This paper aims to reveal the characteristics and essence of fatwas on sharia economic law in Indonesia. The analysis results show that fatwas as a product of Islamic law are identical to fiqh and have inherent specific characteristization. In essence, a fatwa can become state law if there is recognition through competent state institutions.

Cooperation agreement in the principles of Tabadul al-manafi and An'taradhin is very effectively applied. For this is evident from the fundamentals of the law. This principle is aqidah, shari'ah and morals. This economic system is based on Islamic values, namely equality, usefulness, balance, kindness and universality (rahmat li al-aalmin), so that the people of Indonesia in the future experience improved economic welfare on the basis of sharia principles. According to thrifty authors that the cooperation agreement has the benefit to be applied to the actors of the production of halal food products.  The source of the law that underlies all economic activities, and other philosophical foundations of Islamic law that form the basis in developing the Islamic economy anywhere and in any form, and should not be out of the sharia corridor. Benefit is the main objective in Islamic economic activities and avoids all forms of normality. Through this paper by qualitative research method, with normative juridical approach through literature study. So that with this method can be excavated filosifis values in the development of Islamic economy in the field of halal product production.

The institutionalization of substitute heirs in Islamic inheritance law in Indonesia is a breakthrough based on the principles of justice and humanity for heirs who are left behind, but this regulation is considered vague, has multiple interpretations, and can even disrupt the basic principles of Islamic inheritance. The existence of regulations on substitute heirs is very influential in the distribution of inherited assets, as parties who were not entitled to inheritance become entitled to it. This is a normative study with statutory, conceptual, and political approaches. The results of the study indicate that the policy of forming a substitute heir law in terms of updating and developing Islamic inheritance law in Indonesia is inseparable from the situation and condition of legal requirements, which are more or less influenced by the values that live in society and the continuous developments in society itself, especially in aspects of justice. However, the regulation needs to be revised or corrected in the content of the article so that it is right on target and does not have multiple interpretations within its reach, so that it is in line with the objectives of the law, namely justice, benefit, and legal certainty.

Referring to Muslim countries outside Indonesia, several progressive legal regulations are obtained, because they display the jināyat (Penal Code) of their marriage law. Social facts in Indonesia identify the criminal aspects related to violations in marriage, such as unrecorded marriages, illegal polygamy, interfaith marriages, divorce, infidelity, domestic violence, or fraud. It has caused enormous legal and social problems, especially those related to the protection of women and children right. The purpose of this study is to analyze the criminal aspects reasoning in family law and its settlement in legal institutions in Indonesia. This research was conducted based on literature study by collecting data and theoretical foundations related to aspects of criminal acts in marriage law. The results showed that, firstly, the criminal aspects of family law in Indonesia are included in the Penal Code (KUHP) Article 279, which includes violations of law or criminal aspects of marriage law that harm other people. Secondly, the settlement of criminal aspects in family law in legal institutions in Indonesia is the expansion of several religious courts authority. For Instance, the authority of the Syar'iyah Court in Aceh is an inevitability. Considering that everything that is regulated under the religious courts authority, both concerning marriage, inheritance, waqf, zakat, to the issue of shari'ah economics, all of which are that has been attached to Muslim society.