The adsorption process of carbonized xerogels in the form of porous microspheres or monoliths was found to be reversible. This indicated that the xerogels could be reusable, making the process of effluent treatment in eradicating metal ions and reactive dyes cost-effective and propitious. With the outburst of several kinds of water-borne epidemics, concern for effluent treatment has become a more significant factor in the design of new advanced treatment technologies. Consequently, some higher levels of effluent treatments assisted with more advanced materials were able to remove all pollutants from sewage; in contrast, their exorbitant mechanisms created hurdles in a long term perspective. Carbon and its diverse types, such as nanotubes, activated forms, and graphene oxide-incorporated carbon gels, were all studied, and their adsorption of different metal ions, the catalytic reduction, and adsorption of reactive dyes were mentioned concisely. Carbon xerogels possess very low densities (0.04–1.3) g/cm3, micromesoporous size (<50 nm), and large surface areas (600–800) m2/g, and due to their most straightforward route of preparation and high microporous fractions, about 80% during carbonization, they are more preferred over other gels. This review paper discusses the synthesis of xerogels, carbonization processes, various carbon incorporated xerogels, appropriate adsorption isotherms, and the kinetic models they follow, and their efficacies in effluent treatment.

Synthesis of silver nano particles following green protocols is an emerging area of interest throughout the world, as it has multiple applications in different fields. Moreover the methods are non-toxic, sustainable, eco-friendly and economically viable ones. In the current work, that we have presented is an approach towards the development of zero cost and eco-friendly approach for the preparation of nanoparticles following the green route, using the leaf extract of Vitex negundo, a common medicinal plant in South India. The specific phenomenon of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) has been used for the depiction of the silver nano particles prepared. The silver nanoparticles created was characterized by using UV-Visible Spectroscopy and its performance towards the naked eye detection of several heavy metal ions was done. The larvicidal activity of silver nano particles were assessed as per the standards prescribed by WHO.

The experimental investigations of magnesium based matrix reinforced with the TiO 2 particles with 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% weight ratios are presented in this research paper. The purpose of this work is to elaborate the manufacturing processes of pure magnesium metal with the addition of Titanium oxide through the vacuum stir casting route with the use of Argon as shielding gas to prevent the oxidation. The Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) was used to resize the samples for conducting experiments. The mechanical parameters like density, hardness, tensile strength and ultimate tensile strength were evaluated by immersion test, Rockwell Tester and UTM respectively. The presence of particles in phase is ensured by XRD analysis. The microstructural examinations revealed that homogeneous distribution of reinforcing particles in magnesium matrix. The results also proved that improvement of 24% in Hardness, 29.8% in Ultimate tensile strength due to addition of particles.

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