Large amounts of cashew apples from Côte d'Ivoire are left over as waste in the plantations after nut separation, while it can be transformed into bioethanol. This study aimed at producing bioethanol from cashew apple juice by Saccharomyces cerevisiae E450 yeast. S. cerevisiae E450 was used as ferment at 10 7 CFU/mL in anaerobic and aerobic conditions at temperatures of 30 °C and 33 °C. The fermentation was carried out in batch mode with sampling every 24 hours. The determination of ethanol and glycerol was performed by Gas Phase Chromatography and sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) by HPLC. The amounts of ethanol obtained at 30 °C and 33 °C respectively were of 65.10 and 73.17 g/L in anaerobic conditions and 62.05 and 75.79 g/L aerobic conditions. The fermentations carried out at 33 °C gave the highest ethanol concentrations with the maximum in aerobic which was 75.79 g/L. The fermentation carried out at 30 °C in anaerobic yields the lowest value of 62.05 g/L. This study showed the influence of temperature on the growth of cells and the synthesis of ethanol marked by the presence of oxygen which decreases fermentation time and thus improves productivity. It also revealed that cashew apple has great potential as a biofuel feedstock for bioethanol production.

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Ionizing radiation is widely used in medical practice for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, they are not devoid of adverse health effects on exposed operators. Therefore, we propose to assess the radiological risk of the interventional radiology team of the International Polyclinic of Indénié of Abidjan during the procedures of Embolization of uterine fibromyomas. The effective and equivalent doses to the extremities and crystals were estimated by TLD dosimeters positioned at different body areas selected on the basis of a radiological analysis of the exposure of personnel during five procedures. The analysis of fluoroscopic and record times showed variability in or an average fluoroscopy time of 32.37 min with extremes of 25.14 to 56.32 min; average record time of 0.52 min with extremes of 0.12 min to 1 min. The annual effective doses were respectively, 4.04 mSv, 3.42 mSv, 2.84 mSv; 2.28 mSv, in the Radiologist (R), Operator Assistant (O2); Anesthesiologist (A2), Manipulator (M2). The annual equivalent doses to the radiologist's predominant extremities and lenses were left index and left lens with values of 37.07 mSv and 9.46 mSv. The estimated doses in our study are reassuring from a regulatory point of view of dose limits. The results of our work have shown no significant short-term danger to the health of personnel.

Our study aims to determine diagnostic reference levels (DRL) for chest front examination in postero anterior (PA) for optimizing patient entrance surface dose (ESD) and dose-area product (DAP) of patients in west of Côte d'Ivoire. 90 patients from three hospitals undergoing conventional radiology were considered. The ESD and DAP for each patient were obtained during chest radiography (PA) examination. The measurements were performed with the device call Dose-Area Product-meter (DAP-meter) with brand Diamentor M4-KDK, type 11017. The DRL were obtained in applying the 75th percentile statistical method to the obtained ESD and DAP. The obtained DRL in ESD for chest radiography for all rooms is 0.40 mGy and in DAP is 54.85 cGy•cm 2 . Our DRL for ESD is higher than those obtained in Abidjan District and in other countries like UK and Cameroon. Our DRL for DAP is higher than those from Abidjan and all other countries for which a similar study was made. The comparison of these values to those from Abidjan and other countries, shows us that radiology technicians can make efforts to choose radiological parameters to reduce ESD. They must use convenable the X-rays tube to reduce DAP by reducing the patient exposure surface.