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SUMMARYThe aim of this paper is to study the thermodynamic performance of a new combination of a partial gasification pressurized combustion topping gas cycle and a split Rankine bottoming steam cycle as a means of advanced clean coal power generation. Energy analysis of the conceptualized power cycle is presented in this part of the paper. The effects of design and operating parameters of both the gas and the steam cycles on the performance of the power cycle are discussed.

Aims Hot springs have always drawn attention due to their unique chemical richness and the presence of different microbial communities. The use of hot spring bacteria in concrete technology is our primary focus; isolation of an alkaliphilic bacterium from the Bakreshwar hot springs having longer survival and better efficacy towards cementitious environment was the basis of our study's design. Methods and Results A novel facultative anaerobic and highly alkaliphilic bacterial strain (BKH4; GenBank accession no. ) belonging to the family ‘Bacillaceae’ and homologous (99%) with Lysinibacillus fusiformis was isolated from Bakreshwar hot springs. The isolated coccoid‐type Gram‐positive bacterium grows well in a defined semi‐synthetic medium (pH 12·0 and 65°C). This bacterium survives for more than a month and shows better efficacy in enhancing compressive strengths (>50%), ultrasonic pulse velocity (>25%) and durability of the cementitious mortar when incorporated at a concentration of 104 cells per ml of water used. Conclusion The novel bacterium BKH4 is more effective for the enhancement of the bioconcrete properties. Significance and Impact of the Study BKH4 bacterium will add a new dimension to future concrete technology for its usefulness in strength enhancement and durability due to its alkaliphilic nature and longer survival within a cementitious environment.

SUMMARYIn addition to the energy analysis in part I of this paper, an exergy analysis of an advanced combined cycle is presented in this part of the paper to identify the major causes of thermodynamic imperfections. The exergy loss and exergetical efficiency of each of the components of the plant are investigated for variations of design and operating parameters. This is done to explore the possible improvements in the second law performance of this plant.

The aim of the present review is to discuss the different types of biowaiver applications. Waiving of In vivo bioequivalence studies is known as biowaiver. Types of biowaiver applications include BCS based biowaiver, well established use application, also known as bibliographical application and Literature based submission. Biowaiver is acceptable for both BCS class I as well as class III drug molecules. These kinds of applications are generally submitted to countries like US, European Union and Australia. Well established use application and literature based submission is acceptable if the drug product is available in the market for at least ten years. The latter are acceptable by Europe and Australia only. This review discusses various types of biowaiver applications accepted by the regulated markets.