The relationship between the peroneal nerves and the anatomical structures near the fibular head were studied in 20 cadavers. It was the purpose to define the boundaries of a "safe" area when performing a biopsy of the fibular head. The distances between the proximal end of the fibular head and the deep peroneal nerve (26±0.32 mm) and the intermuscular septum (15±0.19 mm) were measured, as well as the angle between the deep peroneal nerve and the fibula as seen in the A-P view (23.5±3.5°). We considered that biopsies should be performed with an anterolateral approach in the safe area formed by the fibular head and the deep peroneal nerve in the anterior compartment.Résumé La relation entre les nerfs péroniers et les structures anatomiques autour de la tête fibulaire a été étudiée sur 20 cadavres. Les mesures suivantes ont été faites: (1) la distance entre l'extrémité proximale de la tête fibulaire et le nerf péronier profond (26±0.32 mm), (2) la distance entre l'extrémité proximale de la tête fibulaire et la cloison inter musculaire (15±0.19 mm), et (3) l'angle entre le nerf péronier profond et la fibula considéré sous la vue A-P (23.5±3.5°). Nous avons considéré que les biopsies devaient être conduites avec l'approche antérolatérale dans la région sans risque formée par la tê-te fibulaire et les nerfs péroniers profonds dans le compartiment antérieur.

Heterogeneous photocatalytic water splitting under the irradiation of sunlight is an attractive method for generating hydrogen from water. While the photocatalytic mechanism has been extensively studied, most of the experimental studies have been performed with an ensemble of photocatalyst particles with various sizes, morphologies, and secondary structures. To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanism of photocatalysis, it is indispensable to clarify how the geometric structure of photocatalyst affects the kinetics of photogenerated carriers and redox reactions. In this study, the hole decay characteristics and photocatalytic activity of BiVO4, a promising photocatalyst for oxygen evolution with visible light, have been investigated with single-particle transient absorption microscopy. Upon irradiation with 527 nm light, well-faceted nonaggregated crystallites show fast hole decay and little reactivity for Fe3+ reduction. In contrast, aggregated particles with grain boundaries between small primary crystallites show slower hole decay and higher reactivity for Fe3+ reduction than the nonaggregated crystallites. This behavior is increasingly pronounced as the secondary particle size of aggregated crystallite increases. This indicates that grain boundaries in aggregated particles do not work as recombination centers but play an important role in elongation of carrier lifetime and thus in enhancing the reactivity of photocatalyst through trap–detrap processes.

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