These results indicate that the maternal psychological state may affect the immune properties of breast milk.

The SIgA levels gradually decreased up to week 12. However, the concentration of SIgA in breast milk did not change constantly. It changed relatively rapid until 4 weeks after childbirth, and because the concentration from the third day to the eighth week became 50%, it was understood that the change was temporal.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in pregnant women on birth outcomes. MethodsThe subjects were 179 females after Week 28 of pregnancy who had undergone pregnancy checkups in one obstetric hospital. We calculated the peripheral arterial blood ODI per hour during sleep at night by dividing the frequency at which the oxygen saturation did not reach the reference value by the duration of examination using a pulse oximeter.Concerning the criteria, patients with a 3%ODI of less than 0.5 were regarded as showing the absence of SDB, those with values ranging from 0.5 to 4.9 as showing the normal range, those with values ranging from 5 to 14.9 as having mild SDB, those with values ranging from 15 to 29.9 as having moderate SDB, and those with a 3%ODI of 30 or more as having severe SDB.Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the birth outcomes associated with SDB. ResultsThe 3%ODI was less than 0.5 in 38 (21.2%), 0.5 to 4.9 in 119 (66.5%), and 5 to 14.9 in 22 (12.3%). Therefore, we compared a mild SDB group (3%ODI≥5, n=22) with a normal group (3%ODI<5, n=157).We calculated the adjusted odds ratio (OR), regarding parity and obesity as confounding variables. Regarding spontaneous vaginal birth as the baseline, the adjusted OR of elective or emergency cesarean birth (CB)/vacuum extraction was 3.03 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.10-8.33). Regarding elective CB/spontaneous vaginal birth as the baseline, the adjusted OR of emergency CB/vacuum extraction was 5.18 (95%CI: 1.44-18.65). ConclusionMild SDB in pregnant women suggested that influence to the birth outcomes. Therefore, screening with a pulse-oximeter should be effectively utilized in multiparas with a history of spontaneous abortion and pregnant women complaining of frequent awakening at night or sleep disturbance. In addition, early intervention to improve the state of sleep and treat sleep disturbance may be necessary to promote a safer pregnancy.

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The only association found in our study was between the salivary and breast milk SIgA. The lack of association among SIgA and cortisol may be related to a variety of factors such as production site, diurnal rhythms, and the interval between stress stimulation in mothers and the response of the biomarker.