External shading devices are an important design feature in tropical buildings, particularly for climate mitigation. However, the interaction between the depth and elevation of the shading devices and their impact on indoor daylight performance is not fully understood, especially for the case of tropical buildings with bilateral openings. This study therefore aims to evaluate the design possibilities of external shading devices with various depth and elevation in terms of daylight performance for the case of tropical school classrooms with bilateral openings in an Indonesian city. A computational simulation method using Radiance is utilized to perform annual daylight metrics calculations. Geometry, material, and simulation settings are prepared using the Ladybug tool under Grasshopper for four building orientations, namely 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses are conducted for all design combinations. The results show that the interaction between a shading device’s depth and elevation is unique, depending on the building orientation and the availability of direct sunlight. In general, shading elevation is more influential, compared to shading depth, on the observed daylight metrics and the combined objective functions at all orientations.
Abstrak_Penelitian ini menawarkan proposal Rumah Toko (Ruko) di Kota Lhokseumawe yang ramah terhadap cahaya alami, sehingga berkonsekuensi langsung untuk pengurangan energi. Metode yang digunakan adalah melakukan simulasi komputer dengan menggunakan antar muka Rhinoceros, Grasshopper, Ladybug dan Honeybee. Climate based daylight modeling (CBDM) dengan metrik Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) digunakan untuk membuktikan pengoptimalan cahaya alami yang sesuai dengan Kota Lhokseumawe. Metrik UDI digunakan pada studi ini karena beberapa alasan, pertama, metrik ini menggunakan data meteorologi lokasi spesifik untuk simulasi pengukuran sehingga hasil yang diharapkan lebih akurat sesuai dengan lokasi geografis objek penelitian. Kedua, metrik ini membuat kategori batas tidak memenuhi karena kurang cahaya yaitu kurang dari 100 Lux, range optimal antara 100-2000 Lux serta batas kelebihan cahaya diatas 2000 Lux. Hal ini tentunya mendukung analisa hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metrik Daylight Autonomy (DA) yang hanya menentukan batas bawah saja. Diantara strategi-strategi yang kami implementasikan untuk memperbaiki kondisi pencahayaan alami adalah substraksi bangunan, efisiensi organisasi ruang, memberbesar window wall ratio (WWR), kulit ganda dan shading devices. Hasil menunjukkan pencahayaan alami yang optimal dapat ditingkatkan dari 22 persen, pada Ruko eksisting, menjadi 73 persen per tahun pada desain proposal penelitian ini.
Optimisation of shading devices in buildings is a broadly investigated topic; however, most studies only focus on a single façade orientation, since the observed buildings are typically located in high latitude regions. However, in tropical regions, optimisation of all façade orientations is required due to the relatively high solar radiation and long sunshine duration. While adaptive shading devices are a promising solution, they are not without disadvantages, and as such a combination of adaptive shading devices and a fixed shading device shall be considered. This research therefore aims to design the optimum internal shading devices on four façade orientations of a high-rise office building in a tropical city, considering fixed and adaptive shading design options, and to determine the impact on annual daylight performance using computational modelling and simulation. The simulation is carried out under: (1) fixed design option, focusing on the numbers and width of slats; and (2) adaptive design option, focusing on the slat angle on various conditions. It is found that both sDA300/50% and ASE1000,250 are only influenced by the orientation. Under the fixed design option, the sDA300/50% and ASE1000,250 targets can be achieved only on the north and south façades, and accordingly the adaptive design option shall be implemented on the east and west façades. Overall, this study contributes to knowledge regarding the optimisation of shading devices in high-rise buildings in the tropics, considering the daylight admission from the four cardinal orientations.
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