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Background Urinary tract stones are one of the major problems in present urology practice. As it mostly affects working age group, it is a major socioeconomic burden for the society. In this study our objective was to determine knowledge, attitude and practice on urolithiasis among patients who presented to the OPD of the Teaching Hospital Peradeniya and to compare the difference in between patients who had stones previously and not had stones. Methods This was a descriptive cross sectional study. We distributed a self administered questionnaires to 290 consented patients presented to the OPD over a period of one week. Patients' demographic data, knowledge on risk factors and symptoms, positive attitudes and practice pattern of prevention were assessed. Results Out of 290 patients 194 were female and 96 were males. Their mean age was 36.9 years (age range 20-60 years). Of them 26 (9%) had a history of stone disease. The mean knowledge score was 9.03 out of 22 (41.06%, SD=2.14). However, most of them (85.9%) believed hard water can cause urinary tract stones. Few participants (35.4%) identified foods which associated with stone formation. 36.81% were aware on symptoms of urolithiasis. Regarding consultation for stone disease, 44.5% go to Nephrologist and 36.9% go to Urologist. Participants who had a history of stone disease have shown better knowledge which was statistically significant (P value<0.01). Similarly, attitudes and practice on prevention was better with subjects who had stones. Conclusion As participants' knowledge, attitudes and practice on urolithiasis were poor, there is a need for the implementation of awareness programme for general population.

Knowledge regarding subfertility among patients who are attending to general surgical and subfertility clinics at the Teaching Hospital Peradeniya. Abstract BackgroundSubfertility is a common medical condition which can lead to many social and psychological problems. Good knowledge regarding subfertility may help to decrease the incidence of infertility by allowing couples to avoid certain risk factors and it will facilitate the management. The aim of our study was to assess knowledge regarding subfertility among Sri Lankans. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 426 subjects including 158 fertile participants, 138 unmarried participants from general surgical clinics and 130 subfertile patients from the subfertility clinic at the teaching hospital Peradeniya. Study was conducted using a self administered questionnaire during May, June and July 2015. ResultsGenerally a poor level of knowledge (44.71%) was reported by participants. Knowledge was significantly higher in subfertile group (48.93%) compared to fertile (42.32%, P=0.006) and unmarried (43.47%, P=0.035) groups. Only 29.81% of total population knows when to seek medical advices for subfertility, with no significant difference between groups (fertile-30.4%, subfertile-28.5%, unmarried-30.4%). Though 69.73% of total population (60.1% of fertile, 89.2% of subfertile, 60.9% of unmarried) correctly recommended a Gynaecologist for first consultation, only 8.23% of total (7% of fertile, 4.6% of subfertile, 13% of unmarried) correctly selected Andrologist for male fertility problems. ConclusionsThese findings suggest poor knowledge regarding subfertility, particularly regarding male subfertility which is far less than knowledge regarding female subfertility. In general, subfertile patients have a significantly higher level of knowledge than fertile and unmarried patients, but regarding some specific points all three groups have a low level of knowledge.

Abstract-Urinary calculi disease is one of the most common urological disorders. The descriptive cross sectional study was conducted to examine the influence of family history and to find the stone recurrence rate on urinary stone disease in Sri Lanka. The sample size of the study population was 142 with the mean age of 44.65± 13.45 years. They were evaluated with respect to their past history and family history of the disease. According to the results 58% of subjects were without past history, 42% of them were with past history and 85% of subjects without family history, 15% of them were with family history. Although pathophysiology of urolithiasis, is multifactorial a positive family history may also affect the occurrence and the cause of urinary stone disease. In our study familial urolithiasis was observed in 15% of patients which is lower than world literature. This is a significant finding Sri Lanka being an island nation.

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