No abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine apple flour as a source of functional flour in various cookie formulas. Apple flour is applied as a substitute for flour in making cookies. The design used was a nested design [Nested Analisys], with two groups of apple varieties and three levels of formula adding apple flour which was nested in each variety, and repeated four times. Grouping is based on varieties, namely A = Anna and M = Manalagi, and the formula for adding apple flour to cookies is F0: 0%; F20: 20%, F25: 75%, and F30: 30%. In the formula of cookies, an analysis of chemical characteristics (water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and antioxidants), physical characteristics and sensory characteristics is carried out. This study proves that apple flour can be substituted into formula cookies. In general, apple flour cookies have more brown color, distinctive flavor and aroma of apples, and lower crispness than cookies in general. The substitution level that produces the best quality and can be accepted by the panelists is 25% and 30% Manalagi apple flour. The use of higher flour levels has more fiber content, so it can reduce the crispness of cookies. Substitution of apple flour decreases protein and fat content, on the contrary, increases water content, ash content, dietary fiber content, carbohydrate levels and antioxidant activity of cookies. The most preferred product by panelists is the level of substitution of Manalagi apple flour 25% and 30%.

<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT <br /></em></strong></p><p><em>The objectives of this study was to evaluate biopriming of chili seed with rhizobacteria to improve plant growth and control Phytophthora blight disease in a greenhouse. This experiment used three isolates of rhizobacteria, i.e. E1, E3C2 and F2B1, and isolate <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Phytophthora</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">capsici</span> (Cb6) isolated from the production center of chili in East Jawa. Laris variety from PT. East West was used in this experiment. This experiment used randomized block design with one factor, i.e. 11 levels of seed treatment (E1 rhizobacteria, E3C2 rhizobacteria, F2B1 rhizobacteria, E1+E3C2 rhizobacteria, E1+F2B1 rhizobacteria, E1+E3C2+F2B1 rhizobacteria, seed soaking in water, without soaking, metalaxyl, positive control and negative control). The result showed that seed treatment with combination of E1+F2B1 isolates when grown in nursery, significantly increased the height and number of leaves in chilli. Besides, seed treatment with F2B1 isolate and combination of E1+F2B1 isolates after transplanting were capable to improve plant growth and control Phytophthora blight disease in greenhouse.</em></p><p><em>Keywords: greenhouse, isolate rhizobacteria, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Phytophthora</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">capsici</span></em></p><p align="center"><em>  <br /></em></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK <br /></strong></p><p>Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengevaluasi perlakuan <em>biopriming</em> benih cabai dengan rizobakteri dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit dan mengendalikan kejadian busuk Phytophthora di rumah kaca. Perlakuan <em>biopriming</em> benih dengan rizobakteri menggunakan tiga isolat rizobakteri E1, E3C2 dan F2B1 dan isolat <em>Phytophthora capsici</em> Cb6 hasil eksplorasi pertanaman cabai Jawa Timur. Benih yang digunakan dalam percobaan merupakan benih varietas Laris produksi PT. East West. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok satu faktor, masing-masing perlakuan diulang empat kali, dengan 11 taraf perlakuan, antara lain R0+ (kontrol positif, benih direndam dalam PDB tanpa perlakuan rizobakteri dengan inokulasi <em>P. capsici</em>), R0- (kontrol negatif, benih direndam dalam PDB tanpa perlakuan rizobakteri dan tanpa inokulasi <em>P. capsici</em>), R1 (perlakuan benih dengan isolat E1), R2 (isolat E3C2), R3 (isolat F2B1), R4 (kombinasi isolat E1+E3C2), R5 (kombinasi isolat E1+F2B1), R6 (kombinasi isolat E1+E3C2+F2B1), R0RA (benih direndam dalam air 24 jam), R0TR (benih tanpa rendam), R0M (benih direndam dalam metalaksil). Tanah inokulum <em>P. capsici</em> diberikan 28 hari setelah pindah-tanam di sekitar pangkal batang tanaman cabai di bawah permukaan tanah. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan, perlakuan dengan kombinasi isolat E1+F2B1 saat persemaian di rumah kaca nyata meningkatkan tinggi dan jumlah daun tanaman cabai. Perlakuan benih dengan isolat F2B1 maupun kombinasi isolat E1+F2B1 setelah pindah-tanam di rumah kaca memiliki kemampuan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman serta mengendalikan penyakit busuk Phytophthora. </p><p>Kata kunci: isolat rizobakteri,<em> Phytophthora capsici</em>, rumah kaca</p>

Vegetative propagation of potato decreases variation in commercially cultivated varieties. Induction of variability in potatoes is needed for crop improvement. Selection is selecting the best individual plants based on the desired characteristics, which will be effective when suitable characteristics are used. The objective of this study was to determine the agronomic characteristics for the selection of potato crossing lines through heritability, genetic variability, and genotypic correlation. The experiment was conducted at the Greenhouse, Sumber Brantas Village, Batu City, East Java. The materials used were 30 potato lines resulting from LJPRSD1 x AP-4. This study was arranged in a complete randomized design (RCD) with three replications. The agronomic characteristics observed include plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, the diameter of tuber, number of tubers, tuber length, weight per tuber, starch, and glucose. Almost all characteristics observed showed high heritability values, except stem diameter and tuber length. The genetic variability in stem diameter, tuber diameter, and tuber length was low, whereas the genetic variability in other characteristics was slightly low. The genotypic correlation was significant between characteristics, except between starch content and weight per tuber. Meanwhile, the agronomic characteristics used for selection are plant height, diameter of tuber, number of tubers.

Exploration and selection of Rhizobacteria that inhibitPhytophthora capsici in vitro. Phytophthora capsici, a seed borne and the soil borne fungal pathogen is the cause of phytophthora blight on chili. The disease is difficult to control because of the unavailability of resistant varieties in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to obtain isolates of rhizobacteria which have the ability to inhibit P. capsici in vitro. Exploration of rhizobacteria was conducted in centers of chili production in East Java (Malang, Batu, and Kediri) and West Java (Bogor). In one location, chili plant that had symptoms of phytophthora blight disease and a healthy plant next to it were chosen as samples to isolate P. capsici and the rhizobacteria. The rhizobacteria were isolated on NA, TSA, and TSAP (TSA with heated sample). Samples of diseased plants were used in isolation of P. capsici on V8 agar. The inhibition and compatibility of the rhizobacteria to inhibit P. capsici in vitro were tested by dual culture method. In this experiment, it was obtained 252 isolates of rhizobacteria and one isolate of P. capsici. Isolates of rhizobacteria with high to medium inhibition were E1, E3C2, and F2B1 respectively. All three isolates were then combined and tested against P. capsici in vitro. The highest inhibition was indicated by four isolate and combination of isolates, which were E1 isolate (58%), the combination of E1 + E3C2 isolates (58%), E1 + F2B1 (60%) and E1 + E3C2 + F2B1 (58 %). ABSTRAKEksplorasi dan penapisan Rizobakteri penghambat Phytophthora capsici secara in vitro. Phytophthora capsici, cendawan patogen terbawa benih dan tular tanah dalah penyebab penyakit busuk phytophthora pada cabai. Penyakit ini sulit dikemdalikan karena belum tersedianya varietas yang resisten di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan isolat rizobakteri yang dapat menghambat P. capsici secara in vitro. Eksplorasi rizobakteri dilakukan di sentra produksi cabai Jawa Timur (Malang, Batu, dan Kediri) dan Jawa Barat (Bogor). Setiap lokasi diambil satu sampel tanaman sehat dan satu sampel tanaman sakit bergejala busuk phytophthora yang bersebelahan. Sampel tanaman sehat digunakan dalam isolasi rizobakteri pada media NA, TSA dan TSAP (media TSA dengan sampel dipanaskan). Sampel tanaman sakit digunakan dalam isolasi P. capsici pada media agar V8. Uji daya hambat dan uji kompatibilitas rizobakteri dalam menghambat P. capsici secara in vitro diakukan dengan metode dua biakan (dual culture). Berdasarkan hasil eksplorasi diperoleh 252 isolat rizobakteri; 22 isolat diantaranya diduga memiliki kemampuan menghambat P. capsici secara in vitro, dan satu isolat P. capsici. Isolat rizobakteri dengan daya hambat tertinggi sampai sedang, berturut-turut adalah isolat E1, E3C2 dan F2B1. Hasil uji kompatibilitas tiga isolat rizobakteri terbaik menunjukkan daya hambat tertinggi serta zona penghambat terlebar terhadap P.capsici yaitu kombinasi isolat E1+F2B1 (60%), isolat E1 (58%), kombinasi isolat E1+E3C2 (58%), dan E1+E3C2+F2B1 (58%).Kata kunci: busuk phytophthora...