Melanoma is a skin lesion disease; it is a skin cancer that is caused by uncontrolled growth in melanocytic tissues. Damaged cells can cause damage to nearby cells and consequently spreads cancer in other parts of the body. The aim of this research is the early detection of Melanoma disease, many researchers have already struggled and achieved success in detecting melanoma with different values for their evaluation parameters, they used different machine learning as well as deep learning approaches, and we applied deep learning approach for Melanoma detection, we used publicly available dataset for experimentation purpose. We applied deep learning algorithms ResNet50 and VGG16 for Melanoma detection; the accuracy, precision, recall, Jaccard index, and dice co-efficient of our proposed model are 92.3%, 93.3%, 90%, 9.98%, and 97.7%, respectively. Our proposed algorithm can be used to increase chances of survival for patients and can save the money which is used for diagnosis and treatment of Melanoma every year.

Sepsis is a very fatal disease, causing a lot of causalities all over the world, about 2, 70,000 die of Sepsis annually, thus early detection of Sepsis disease would be a remedy to prevent this disease and it would be a big relief to the family of sepsis patients. Different researchers have worked on sepsis disease detection and its prediction but still the need to have an improved model for Sepsis detection remains. We compared various machine learning algorithms for Sepsis detection and used the dataset publicly available for all the researchers at Physionet.org, the dataset contains many empty or Null values, we applied backward filling and forward filling techniques, and we calculated missing values of MAP using equation (1) which gives more precise results, we divided the 40,336 files of datasets A and B into 80% training set and 20% testing set. We applied the algorithms twice one time using vital signs and clinical values of patients and the second time using only vital signs of the patients; using vital signs only the training accuracy of KNN, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, MLP, and Decision Trees was 0.992, 0.999, 0.981, 0.981, and 0.981 respectively, while the testing accuracy of KNN, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, MLP, and Decision Trees was 0.987, 0.980, 0.983, 0.981, and 0.981 respectively, for Sepsis Label 0, the value of precision for KNN, Random Forest, Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, and MLP was 0.99, 0.98, 0.98, 0.98, and 0.98 respectively, while the value of recall for KNN, Random Forest, Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, and MLP was 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, and 1.00 respectively; the comparison of all the above-mentioned algorithms showed that KNN leads over all the competitors regarding the accuracy, precision, and recall.

In recent times, we have seen an exponential rise in different chronic diseases due to our unhealthy lifestyles. Cardio disease is the most common and life-threatening among all diseases, which contributes to a very high mortality rate. Accurate detection of cardio disease at an early stage is vital to save the lives of people. Most of the existing cardiovascular disease detection systems suffer from lower performance and efficiency due to redundant attributes, dimensionality curse, imbalance, and noisy datasets. In this work, we proposed a novel convolutional neural networks-based system (CNN-cardioAssistant) that predicts cardiovascular disease in patients. Recursive feature selection (RFE) is employed to select more prominent features from the clinical data of cardio patients. The selected features are then used to train the proposed CNN-CardioAssistant as well as 11 different classifiers i.e., support vector machine (SVM), Random Forest, Decision Tree, logistic regression, Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor, XGboost, Multi-layer Perceptron, Gaussian process classifier, Adaboost, and Quadratic discriminant analysis separately for cardio disease prediction. We compared the results of all the methods on three subsets of features i.e., 6,8, and 15 for each dataset. The features selection method provides optimal subsets of features that can reliably be used to predict cardiovascular disease with the highest accuracy. Experimental results on three different cardio datasets i.e., Public Health, Framingham, and Z-Alizadeh sani clearly demonstrate that the proposed CNN-CardioAssistant system has superior performance against the existing state-of-the-art methods.

In recent years, we have witnessed a rapid rise in the mortality rate of people of every age due to cardiac diseases. The diagnosis of heart disease has become a challenging task in present medical research, and it depends upon the history of patients. Rapid advancements in the field of deep learning. Therefore, it is a need to develop an automated system that assists medical experts in their decision-making process. In this work, we proposed a novel optimized grid search-based multi-layer perceptron method to effectively detect heart disease patients earlier and accurately. We evaluated the performance of our method on a dataset named Public Health dataset for heart diseases. More specifically, our method obtained an accuracy of 95.12%, precision of 95.32%, recall of 95.32%, and F1-score of 95.32%. We made a comparison of our method with existing methods to check superiority and robustness of our system to detect heart disease patients. Experimental results along with comprehensive comparison with other methods illustrate that our technique has superior performance and is robust to detect heart disease patients. From the results, we can conclude that our method is reliable to be used in hospitals for the early detection of heart disease patients.

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