Indonesia's policy of customary land regulation does not eradicate the problems faced by indigenous people. Disputes over customary land proprietary rights continue to occur even in this current era of decentralization and democracy. Departing from empirical phenomena, this study aims to uncover customary land policy dilemmas and explore strategies to reconstruct customary land policies in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach to literature study methods. This study was conducted in Indonesia and uses various cases of customary land policy from the provinces of Riau, East Kalimantan, and Papua. The data collected in this study is derived from books, documents, journals, research results, and news in electronic media. The results of the study show that Indonesia has a policy dilemma in the regulation of customary land for a number of reasons. First, customary land policies governed by customary law and national law often result in disputes. Second, in relation to natural resources management, there is no synchronization and harmony between sectoral laws and the Basic Principles of Agrarian Law (UUPA). Third, the government is yet to create policies at the local level regarding the protection and recognition of customary land. Therefore, the ideal strategy of policy reconstruction is to create a synergy between government institutions and all stakeholders in the policymaking process of customary land regulation. The conclusion of this study is that the policy dilemma of customary land in Indonesia will continue to occur if the government does not involve the participation of indigenous people and groups of interest in the policymaking process of customary land regulation. AbstrakKebijakan tanah ulayat di Indonesia masih menyisakan persoalan bagi masyarakat adat. Konflik terhadap penguasaan tanah ulayat terus terjadi hingga era desentralisasi dan demokrasi saat ini. Berangkat dari fenomena empirik tersebut, maka studi ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap dilema kebijakan tanah ulayat dan mengeksplorasi strategi untuk merekonstruksi kebijakan tanah ulayat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan. Studi ini dilakukan di Indonesia dengan mengambil berbagai kasus tanah ulayat sebagian besar yang terjadi di Provinsi Riau, Kalimantan Timur, dan Papua. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dari sumber-sumber yang berasal dari buku-buku, dokumen-dokumen, jurnal, hasil penelitian, dan berita di media elektronik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dilema kebijakan Dari penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa di Indonesia mengalami dilema kebijakan dalam pengaturan tanah ulayat yaitu; Pertama, kebijakan tanah ulayat yang diatur oleh hukum adat dan hukum nasional sering dipertentangkan; Kedua, tidak sinkron dan disharmoni antara UUPA dengan Undang-Undang sektoral yang berkaitan dengan pengelolaan sumber daya alam; Ketiga, kebijakan pada tataran lokal yang masih belum dibuat dalam melindungi dan mengakui tanah ulayat. Oleh karena itu, strategi dalam merekonstruksi kebjakan...
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