To increase output and meet customers' needs, companies have turned to the development of production management systems: Kaizen, one piece flow, Kanban, etc. The aim of such systems is to accelerate decisions, react to environmental issues and manage various productions. In the main, this type of management system has led to the continuous improvement of production performance. Consequently, such production management systems can have unexpected negative effects on operators' health and safety. Conversely, regulation and control systems focusing on work-related risks have obliged firms to implement health and safety management systems such as OHSAS 18001. The purpose of this type of system, also based on continuous improvement, is to reduce risks, facilitate work-related activities and identify solutions in terms of equipment and tools. However, the prevention actions introduced through health and safety systems often result in other unexpected and unwanted effects on production. This paper shows how companies can improve the way they are run by taking into account both types of management system.

Perspectives interdisciplinaires sur le travail et la santé 12-2 | 2010 Comprendre L'évaluation, un outil de l'ergonome pour transformer le contexte d'intervention Evaluation, a tool of ergonomists for changing the intervention context La evaluación, una herramienta del ergónomo para transformar el contexto de la intervención

The positioning of ergonomics in design: an exemple in the supermarket sector Posicionar a la ergonomía en el diseño : ejemplo de la distribución masiva Aurélie Landry et Isabelle Feillou 1 Le but de cet article est double : d'une part, présenter comment les analyses de l'activité d'opérateurs travaillant dans un supermarché ont servi à la conception d'un outil de travail. Et, d'autre part, comment ces mêmes analyses ont été utilisées pour convaincre le directeur de magasin, le directeur régional et le responsable national flux de mettre en place une démarche de conduite de projet afin de tenir compte des situations réelles d'utilisations pour la décision (Martin et Etcheverry, 2007).

Occupational applicationsSince cobots (collaborative robots) are increasingly being introduced in industrial environments, being aware of their potential positive and negative impacts on human collaborators is essential. This study guides occupational health workers by identifying the potential gains (reduced perceived time demand, number of gestures and number of errors) and concerns (the cobot takes a long time to perceive its environment, which leads to an increased completion time) associated with working with cobots. In our study, the collaboration between human and cobot during an assembly task did not negatively impact perceived cognitive load, increased completion time (but decreased perceived time demand), and decreased the number of gestures performed by participants and the number of errors made. Thus, performing the task in collaboration with a cobot improved the user's experience and performance, except for completion time, which increased.This study opens up avenues to investigate how to improve cobots to ensure the usability of the human-machine system at work.