The scale of emigration of the Lithuanian population is among the highest in the EU, the number of residents in the country, including children and youth under 15 years of age departing with adults, shows a decreasing trend, but the emigration of students of higher education institutions is especially alarming. The growing emigration flows to the countries with developed economies are associated with the disbalance of labour force between the supply and demand of labour in the countries of different economic development. Unemployment, difference in wages and the standard of living are among the most significant economic factors determining emigration and involving the increasing number of young people, in particular the students of higher education institutions, into this process. Even though Lithuania attempts to solve the problem of departure of the students of higher education institutions from the country in the political context, it remains a significant and relevant topic in the context of social development of the country due to its complex and dynamic type. Furthermore, the research of emigration of the students in the domain of Lithuanian research is not sufficient with regard to the reasons and motives behind the behaviour of the youth, the attitudes or plans in terms of emigration. Therefore, the authors of the article attempt to answer the following problematic questions: What is the purpose of emigration from Lithuania among the students of higher education institutions? What factors determine the departure of the students of higher education institutions to the selected destination countries?

Rheological methods were used to study the behavior of rye meal suspensions during a time‐temperature treatment corresponding to the initial baking conditions (<70°C). Eight different rye cultivars were investigated, with four of the cultivars grown during two different years. Baking experiments included pan bread and hearth bread. Viscosity, falling number, and the amount of adhesive material present during heating were measured. The storage (G′) and loss (G″) moduli increased during a temperature sweep from 45°C, reaching a maximum at 62.1–67.1°C. At the same time, the amount of adhesive material increased. A further increase in temperature caused a decrease in G′ and G″, whereas the amount of adhesive material continued to increase. The mechanical spectra (G′ or G″ vs. frequency) showed that the rye meal suspensions had gel‐like behavior at 45°C which turned into behavior typical of a strong gel at 70°C. The rye meals performing the best in hearth bread baking gave intermediate values of G′ and G″ and high values of the phase shift (δ) at 45°C. During the temperature sweep, the G′ values of these rye meal suspensions increased slowly to a maximum of 62.1–67.1°C.

The issue of youth unemployment is one of the most often addressed topics in the political and scientific contexts. The situation in the labour market during recent years shows the increase in youth unemployment above the general level; however, it varies in different regions of the world. National and the EU levels of youth unemployment recently became unacceptably high, and the increase in the long-term youth unemployment causes major concern. In Lithuania, the issue of the integration of youth into the labour market has been analysed since the restoration of independence, while the deterioration of the labour market condition and the unemployment rate increases from year to year. However, youth unemployment remains a pressing concern, and its rate especially grew during the time of economic recession: in 2011 every tenth individual aged 15 to 24 was unemployed. On the basis of the analysis of the issue of Lithuanian academic youth unemployment, it was established that a certain part of young people fail to get a foothold in the labour market as a result of low qualifications and limited work experience. The article analyses the dynamics of youth unemployment and aims at finding active labour market measures that may facilitate the transfer of academic youth from educational institutions to the labour market, thus reducing their unemployment rate.Research objective: to distinguish the measures facilitating reduction of academic youth unemployment and transfer from educational institutions to the labour market.Research methods: scientific literature analysis; statistical data analysis; document analysis.

Embracing the financing opportunities offered by the European Union, vocational schools draw up applications for various projects, mostly for implementation of international partnerships, dissemination of best practices, and exchange programmes, involving the general education and vocational teachers as well as students, student assistance specialists, and school principals. Vocational training institutions generally engage in projects under the Erasmus+ strategic partnership programme aimed at long-term mobility of vocational teachers and other participants of vocational training. When assessing the importance of Erasmus+ projects in the context of vocational training quality in Lithuania, the authors of the paper aimed at identifying the benefits of vocational teachers’ participations in projects under the Erasmus+ programme. Seeking for the research objective, a qualitative research approach was selected applying the triangulation principle. Document analysis method was invoked to examine the project activities documents of 26 Lithuanian vocational training institutions. Benefits experienced by vocational teachers experienced in project activities were analysed applying a semi-structured interview for the interviewing of 9vocational teachers and vocational teachers who served as international project coordinators in more than two national and international projects in 2015–2019. The study revealed that in Lithuania, projects implemented in vocational training institutions having the largest experience of international projectactivities were associated with vocational teachers’ qualification improvement, introduction of innovations, and renovation and expansion of infrastructure. Benefits of involvement in project activities are diverse, starting with improvement of the learning process, relationships with the learners, and vocational teachers become open to changes. The major benefit of project activities gained by vocational teachers is oriented to experiential learning, when learning occurs through personal experience.