Background Characterization of disease progression and outcomes after COVID-19-related hospitalization in vaccinated compared with unvaccinated individuals is limited. Methods Retrospective case-control study of symptomatic vaccinated (cases) and unvaccinated (controls) participants hospitalized for COVID-19 between December 30, 2020 and September 30, 2021 in Southeast Michigan. Hospitalized adult patients with lab-confirmed COVID-19 were identified through daily census report. Breakthrough infection was defined as detection of SARS-CoV-2 ≥ 14 days after completion of primary vaccination series. Association between prior vaccination and critical COVID-19 illness (composite of intensive care unit [ICU] admission, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), 28-day mortality) was determined. Results 210 (39%) fully vaccinated and 325 (61%) unvaccinated patients were evaluated. Compared with controls, cases were older, had more comorbidities (4 [3-7] vs 2 [1-4], p < 0.001), and were more likely to be immunocompromised. Cases had less severe symptoms compared to controls (2 [1-2] vs 2 [2-3], P < 0.001) and were less likely to progress to critical COVID-19 illness (33.3% vs 45.5%, P < 0.001); 28-day mortality was significantly lower in cases (11.0% vs 24.9%, P < 0.001). Symptom severity (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.61–4.16, P < 0.001) and modified sequential organ failure assessment (mSOFA) score on presentation (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.48–2.06, P < 0.001) were independently associated with development of critical COVID-19 illness. Prior vaccination (OR 0.528, 95% CI 0.307–0.910, P = 0.020) was protective. Conclusions COVID-19 vaccinated patients were less likely to develop critical COVID-19 illness and more likely to survive. Disease severity at presentation was predictor of adverse outcomes regardless of vaccination status.
While strike action has been common since the industrial revolution, it often invokes a passionate and polarising response, from the strikers themselves, from employers, governments and the general public. Support or lack thereof from health workers and the general public is an important consideration in the justification of strike action. This systematic review sought to examine the impact of strike action on patient and clinician attitudes, specifically to explore (1) patient and health worker support for strike action and (2) the predictors for supporting strike action and the reasons given for engaging in strike action. A systematic scoping review was employed to identify all relevant literature, followed by a textual narrative synthesis.A total of 34 studies met inclusion criteria. Support for strike action was largely context-dependent. A range of factors impact support for strike action; broader cultural and structural factors, such as unionisation and general acceptance of strike action; systemic factors, such as the nature of the healthcare system, including infrastructure and work conditions; the strike itself and a range of individual factors, the most notable of which was being a student or in an early career stage. There were also some surprising results, for example, during doctors strike, nurses were provided with the opportunity to expand their role, which led to greater professional autonomy and job satisfaction.
Precise frequency values have been obtained for the NH, stretching vibrations of a number of primary aliphatic and aromatic amines in solution and in the vapour state.The greater intensity of the band due to the symmetric NH, vibration in aliphatic amines is explained in terms of hybridization changes a t the nitrogen atom during vibration.ExperiunentaZ.-Amines (from British Drug Houses Ltd.) and " AnalaR " carbon tetra-The measurements were made with a Grubb-Parsons G.S. 2 double-beam grating spectro-chloride used were dried and redistilled several times. meter, the band centres being measured within &2 cm.-l.
The infra-red spectrum of formamidoxime in solution and in the crystalline state between 2-23 p is reported. The molecule has the amino structure. Frequency assignments are given for eleven fundamental vibrations of the monomeric species and for twelve fundamentals of the associated species.The structure of formamidoxime, first prepared by Lossen and Schifferdecker,l has been the cause of some speculation: using molecular orbital models it can be described as either (I) or (II), or a tautomeric mixture of these forms. NOH
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