Hole‐conductor–free carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) are a promising candidate for commercialization due to low cost, simple, and industry applicable fabrication methods. However, when measuring the photovoltaic parameters of these cells, they do not achieve their maximal performance immediately following their fabrication, but rather require a certain maturation period. Herein, the natural and induced changes that occur in C‐PSCs are studied after their fabrication is complete. It is observed that the current density increases by natural maturation, and the open‐circuit voltage increases by light‐soaking treatment. Using charge extraction, intensity‐modulated photovoltage spectroscopy, and voltage decay measurements during the three steps of maturation, it is possible to observe some changes in crystallization and surface traps, which are the cause for the evolution in the photovoltaic parameters. Moreover, in the case of two‐step deposition, the cells achieve their final performance already as fresh cells in contrast to the case of one‐step deposition cells. The conclusions offer practical information regarding the preparation and optimal measurement conditions of C‐PSCs as well as possible prospects for the improvement and optimization of this cell type.

Perovskite solar cells have developed into a promising branch of renewable energy. A combination of feasible manufacturing and renewable modules can offer an attractive advancement to this field. Herein, a screen-printed three-layered all-nanoparticle network was developed as a rigid framework for a perovskite active layer. This matrix enables perovskite to percolate and form a complementary photoactive network. Two porous conductive oxide layers, separated by a porous insulator, serve as a chemically stable substrate for the cells. Cells prepared using this scaffold structure demonstrated a power conversion efficiency of 11.08% with a high open-circuit voltage of 0.988 V. Being fully oxidized, the scaffold demonstrated a striking thermal and chemical stability, allowing for the removal of the perovskite while keeping the substrate intact. The application of a new perovskite in lieu of a degraded one exhibited a full regeneration of all photovoltaic performances. Exclusive recycling of the photoactive materials from solar cells paves a path for more sustainable green energy production in the future.

It remains unclear whether advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology and improvements in cardiovascular imaging over the years have impacted the clinician's recognition of cardiac tamponade (CT). We sought to evaluate signs and symptoms of CT in a present-day population and compare it to a similar group from a decade prior. We performed a retrospective analysis of two cohorts of patients presenting to a tertiary hospital with CT, all of whom underwent pericardial drainage (PD). Group 1 (Gp1) included subjects presenting from 1988 to 1991 and Group 2 (Gp2) included subjects from 2002 to 2005. Fifty-five patients comprised each group, with an average age of 55 years. Seventy-one percent of patients in Gp1 had identifiable cardiovascular symptoms 1 week prior to presentation, compared to 33% in Gp2. Dyspnea was the most common symptom in both groups, and was less frequent in Gp2. Compared with Gp1, chest pain, cough, and lethargy were also less frequent in Gp2. One day prior to PD, tachypnea and pulsus paradoxus were detected more frequently in Gp1 compared to Gp2. Large, circumferential pericardial effusions were the most frequent echocardiographic findings in both groups and the most common etiology of CT was malignancy in Gp1and postoperative bleeding in Gp2. Thus, the recognition of symptoms and physical signs in patients presenting with CT has changed over the past decade, as has etiology of pericardial effusions. However, the diagnosis of CT still remains delayed, and the present data emphasize the need for a heightened index of suspicion for recognizing this hemodynamically-important process.

Partially charged chiral molecules act as spin filters, with preference for electron transport toward one type of spin ("up" or "down"), depending on their handedness. This effect is named the...

Generally speaking, reaction platforms involving ferromagnetic surfaces, with a specific magnetic direction, are limited to the two dimensional regime, due to the nature of the magnetic phenomena. Here we show a method for preparing partially coated ferromagnetic microparticles with a distinct magnetic pole. This simple preparation method was presented previously [ 1 ] to demonstrate an application for enantiomeric separation. In this method article we show; A simple method to a-symmetrically manipulate particle surfaces. A generic way to synchronize a bare pole of ferromagnetic microparticles. A simple and generic enantiomer purification technique.