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Context: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) if detected early can reduce the burden on the health system and prevent the development of diabetic foot ulcers and amputation. Aim: To study the effectiveness of Semmes Weinstein 10 gm monofilament in detecting DPN taking nerve conduction studies (NCS) and autonomic function testing (AFT) as reference tests. Settings and Design: Observational and comparative cross-sectional study conducted in the Physiology department AIIMS, Bhopal in collaboration with the Medicine department of the institute. Methods and Material: A total of 72 diagnosed type-2 diabetes mellitus patients were examined using Semmes Weinstein 10 gm monofilament, DPN was confirmed using NCS (Nihon Kohden Neuropack XI machine) and autonomic neuropathy was confirmed using AFT (Ewing’s battery and Power lab) with heart rate variability (HRV). Diagnostic value of Semmes Weinstein 10 gm monofilament taking NCS and AFT as reference test was calculated. Statistical Analysis Used: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated using the standard formula. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV using monofilament are 69.23%, 20%, 69.23% and 20% respectively taking NCS as reference test and 70.59%, 0, 92.30%, and 0 respectively taking AFT as reference test. Conclusions: Semmes Weinstein 10 gm monofilament is not the ideal screening test for the diagnosis of DPN. Sole clinical use of monofilament should be discouraged.

Background: Sperm function testing is used to determine if the sperm have the biologic capacity to perform the tasks necessary to reach and fertilize ova and ultimately result in live births. There is growing evidence that damage to spermatozoa by reactive oxygen species may affect sperm function and Antioxidant help to fight against such reactive oxidant species. Aims & Objective: To find the correlation between antioxidants and sperm function tests. Materials and Methods: Cross section study done on four group with different fertility potential. Four groups were group 1-control(n=10) normozoospermic fertile, group2-: Normozoospermics (n=18) infertile , group 3oligoasthenoteratozoospermics (n=27) infertile, and group 4-Asthenoteratozoospermics (n=23) infertile. Their semen analysis was done and levels of the antioxidant Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and the reduced glutathione was measured. Correlation was found between sperm function test and antioxidant level in seminal plasma. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA test and Bonferroni's post test. Coefficient of correlation (r-value) was found to find relationship between different parameters. Graphpad prism 5 Software was used. Results: Sperm function test and antioxidant level in seminal plasma was significantly more in group 1 as compared to the other groups. Significant correlation was seen between sperm function test and antioxidant level. Conclusion: Decreasing seminal plasma antioxidants levels could have significant role in etiology of impaired sperm function. Seminal plasma antioxidants levels is closely related to male fertility, and the decreased level of antioxidants levels in seminal plasma may be one of the causes of male infertility.

BACKGROUND: With the emergence of COVID, we are forced to use e-learning in form of arranging online classes for students. Medical educators all over the world are conducting online classes for students. This study aimed to evaluate the perception of online learning among MBBS students and teachers through a questionnaire-based survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done in the AIIMS, Bhopal. The study was based on questionnaire (online Google form) response received from 43 number of faculty and 156 number of students. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Chi-square test and unpaired t-test were used for statistical analysis using statistical software Systac 13.2. RESULTS: Handling software, technical issues, and lack of face-to-face interaction were more significant problems in students compared to faculty. The desire for the social site which causes disturbances in learning was a significant problem in the students compared to faculty. Giving and taking assessment problem was reported by 60% and 63.8% of faculty and students, respectively (P = 0.67). Both groups preferred the Google Classroom platform (P = 0.16). Students (65.3%) preferred audiovisual recording, while faculty (72%) preferred PowerPoint with narration. PowerPoint presentation without narration was the least preferred (10.8%). Both groups stressed the importance of training (P = 0.17) and infrastructure development (P = 0.85). Students, as well as faculty, strongly discouraged e-learning for practical/clinical teaching. CONCLUSIONS: Students, as well as faculty, have mixed reactions toward e-learning. Most importantly affected in the present scenario is practical/clinical teaching and assessment. Every attempt needs to be done to strengthen infrastructure and impart training to students and faculty.