Background: Cervical cancer is a typically slow-growing cancer that may not have symptoms, but can be early diagnosed by Pap smear and Visual Inspection of Cervix with Acetic Acid (VIA). The burden of the disease is increasing in developing countries day by day due to the ascending trend of transmissible diseases such as HIV and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Objective: The main aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness regarding cervical cancer among the women attending outpatient department of Manikgonj 250-bedded district hospital, Manikgonj. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted among the women attending the OPD of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department of Manikgonj 250-bedded district hospital from June, 2017 to October, 2017. The respondents were selected by random sampling. A pre-structured, interview-based data collection sheet was prepared, which was used as a research tool. Data were collected by interview of the patients and then data were gathered, decorated and tabulated after data cleaning and edition. Then the results were presented in tabular and figure forms. As it is a descriptive type of cross-sectional study p value determination was not required to see the level of significance. Results: In this study mean age of 50 respondents was 24.18 ± 6.63 years. The maximum respondents (62%) were from 20−30 years age group. Out of 50 respondents 46% were married and 24% were unmarried. Among the study subjects 84% knew about cervical cancers, 28% respondents knew about the disease from uthan boithok and 26% by electronic and print media. Thirty six percent respondents knew about the risk factors of the disease, 42 (84%) heard about the disease, 60% thought that they are at self risk and 12% respondents underwent screening before. Among those (70.45%) who did not undergo screening blamed not having adequate knowledge about the risk factors. Seventy two percent of total respondents knew that district hospital is a center for screening. Fifty percent women did not have any knowledge regarding vaccination. Conclusion: Majority respondents in this study did not know clearly about cervical cancer, specially its risk factors, vaccination, prevention and clinical profile of the disease. J Enam Med Col 2019; 9(1): 34-40
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among
Significant restricting groin symptoms were uncommon. None of our patients would decline similar surgery on a contralateral hernia, suggesting a negligible impact of symptoms on their daily lives. A well dissected 'modified' mesh plug inguinal hernioplasty is associated with minimal chronic groin symptoms 5-7 years later.
Case PresentationA 30 years old lady was referred from the medical college hospital after being done the Modi ed Radical Mastectomy of left side as she was a diagnosed case of carcinoma of left breast with left sided axillary lymphadenopathy due to metastatic deposits. Immunohistochemistry studies showed receptor status of tumor is triple negative. e cause of referral was to execute adjuvant therapy. Accordingly she underwent 6 cycle chemotherapy with AC, QW and paclitaxel drug and subsequently 25 cycle radiotherapy. In each visit she was given follow up with tumor marker, baseline blood biochemistry and upper abdominal ultrasound. Upto the 15 months postoperatively her outcome was uneventful. ereafter she noticed a nodular swelling in her right upper abdomen which was rapidly growing in size. With this complaints with no other feature of metastasis she was admitted into National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital (NICRH). Her physical examination revealed a 2x2 cm non-tender lump, normal temperature, irregular surface, ill-de ned margin, rm to hard in consistency, xed with overlying skin and underlying skeletal muscle.e lump was non-compressible and non-reducible. We found 2 very small nodular swelling in the upper outer quadrant of her right breast, measuring about 0.5x0.5 cm along with two axillary lymph nodes of medial group in right side, largest one measuring 1x0.5 cm. Diagnostic work up including complete blood count, blood biochemistry and tumor marker CA 15-3 was done. Accordingly we found, raised ESR with mild neutrophilic leucocytosis; liver function and renal function tests were normal. Tumor marker was also normal. Ultrasonography of abdomen showed a parietal wall mass originating from the skeletal muscles and involved skin; the size and site was almost corresponding to the clinical ndings. Sonography of her right breast found suspicious nodule but the right axilla found multiple lymph node enlargement of which two were larger in size. Upper abdominal CT scan showed a parietal lump (2.5x2 cm, isodense to muscle) in the right anterior abdominal wall involving the skin to external oblique muscle. (Figure-1)
Background: Molecular subtype determination of breast carcinoma is still an enigma in our perspective. We are far behind the genetic analysis but immunohistochemistry is commonly ensured now a days.Objective: To observe the incidence, epidemiological and clinico-pathological status of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer patients.Materials and method: At first 141 patients were enrolled by purposive sampling. Among them 138 patients were finalized according to the eligibility criteria. A pre-structured, peer reviewed, properly tested, interview and observation based data collection sheet was prepared. Data regarding epidemiological profile, clinical profile and histopathological profile were collected, compiled, edited and analyzed. Mean, frequency, chi-square test were adopted for analysis. Statistics were found significant at <0.05.Results: Mean age of patients was 43.20±9.69 years. Mean BMI was 25.26±13.47. Out of 138 patients, only 4.34% had positive family history, 64.49% and 35.5% had left and right sided breast cancer respectively, 65.2% had tumour size 2-5cm which was followed by 27.53% cases with >5cm sized tumour in maximum diameter. Among the five major molecular subtypes both luminal A and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) showed high prevalence (27.53%). Association of molecular subtypes with histopathological grading revealed TNBC was the most aggressive among all molecular subtypes. Axillary lymphadenopathy was present in almost all cases.Conclusion: Luminal A and TNBC were positive in most of the cases whereas TNBC showed higher association with advance histopathological grade. Clinical status was almost similar in all subtypes.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2018 6(1): 9-17
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