Diarrheal diseases are the second leading cause of child mortality worldwide, occurring in about one in every nine child deaths, and were associated with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) access. In this study, we provided an overview of WASH indicators' evolution from 2000 to 2017 and their impact on the occurrence of diarrhea in children under 5 years old in Senegal. It was a retrospective cross-sectional study, in which we did a secondary analysis of data from the Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) for water supply and sanitation and from the Senegal Demographic and Health Survey 2018. Our results showed that access to safely managed services increased by 18.1 and 19.1%, respectively, for water and sanitation. The prevalence of diarrhea estimated at 18.16% was associated with straining water through a cloth (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.21 [1.00–1.45]) and getting water supplies from a source not located in a dwelling (AOR [95% CI]: 1.59 [1.21–2.09]). The prevalence of diarrhea among children under 5 years old was still relatively high in Senegal and was significantly associated with a lack of WASH access. Although the latter continues to increase, additional efforts to make water safer to drink will significantly reduce the occurrence of diarrheal diseases among children under five in Senegal.

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Objectives:  Pain management is provided by analgesics. While considerable progress has been made in recent years due to better knowledge of the pathophysiology and mechanism of pain, the search for new, more effective analgesics with fewer side effects remains relevant. Previous work carried out at the pharmacology laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology of UCAD (Senegal) had shown an anti-inflammatory activity of the ether extract, as well as that of the methanolic fraction and of ethyl acetate from Annona senegalensis leaves. This study concerns the fractionation of the total methanolic and ethyl acetate fractions by chromatography on a Sephadex column. A phytochemical characterization of the fractions obtained, followed by the study of the analgesic activity of the derivative fractions of the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts carried out in mice. Methods: Sephadex gel fractionation yielded ten fractions. Characterization tests were carried out on the total extracts and the different derivatives fractions. Results: Phytochemical characterization of the fractions revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols and triterpenes. The F4 and F'4 fractions, rich in sterols and triterpenes, significantly reduced the number of cramps at low doses (1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg). Conclusion: The presence of sterols and triterpenes in the methanolic F4 fraction of the leaves of Annona senegalensis could be the cause of the analgesic activity of the plant. Keywords: Annona senegalensis, phytochemistry, sterols and triterpenes, analgesic.

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