A cross-sectional calf mortality study was conducted in urban and periurban dairy farms in Addis Ababa, special zones of Oromia and Amhara regions in July and August 2015. e objectives of the study were to estimate the annual mortality and to assess the major causes of calf mortality in the dairy farms. One-year retrospective data on calf mortality were collected from 330 farms by face-to-face interview using the pretested and structured questionnaire format and direct observation of farm practices. A logistic regression analysis was performed in order to identify the predictor variables associated with early calf mortality. Data were analysed using Statistical Package, Stata SE for Windows, version 12.0. e annual mean calf mortality from birth-to-weaning was reported as 18.5% (95% CI: 12.6, 24.3%). e prenatal loss due to fetal death and stillbirth was 10.1% (95% CI: 6.7, 13.6%). e overall annual loss due to fetal death and calf preweaning mortality was 26.7% (95% CI: 21.2, 32.2%). Age-specific mortality declined with increased age, and the highest mortality was recorded during the first month of life extending up to the third month of age. Disease was the most important causes of calf mortality (73.2%). Among the diseases, diarrhea (63%) and respiratory disorders (17%) were the important causes of calf mortality. Malpractices in calf management were identified, including restricted colostrum and milk feeding, poor care and supplemental feeding, and poor health management. Interventions in dairy cattle health and farm husbandry are recommended to control calf mortality.

Combination of Cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted from Jan 2021 up to Jun 2021 in Jigjiga city Municipal abattoir and inventory of pharmaceutical drug shops, with the objectives of determining the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis and treatment costs of human taeniasis. Systematic random sampling technique was employed for selecting the study animals, while the Sampling methodology was based on Active abattoir survey and Inventory of pharmaceutical drug shops. From the 520 animals examined at abattoir, the overall prevalence of cysticercus bovis was 2.69% (14/520) with 95% CI of (1.43, 4.29). There was no statistically significant difference in sex, age, body condition score and origin of the animal with the occurrence of C. bovis (P>0.05); From 14 infected cattle with cysticercus bovis, 7 (50%) of cysticercus bovis were in the triceps muscle, 5 (35.71%) in tongue, 1 (7.14%) in biceps muscle and 1 (7.14%) in masseter muscle. Descriptive statistics revealed that a total of 23,063 doses of taenicidal drugs concern a 4-year period (2017-2020) were used for the treatment of human taeniasis which worth 56,933 Ethiopian Birr in the town. Albendazole was employed at a rather high dose, followed by Mebendazole, Praziquantel, and Niclosomide, in that order. The most commonly prescribed medicines for the treatment of taeniasis were albendazole and mebendazole. The discovery highlights the importance of cysticercosis and taeniasis in terms of both economics and public health. To reduce the impact of this parasite, special focus should be paid to raising public awareness and conducting thorough routine meat inspections.

Background: Every year, most snakebite envenomation occurs worldwide. The highest number of snakebites is recorded from Asia, Southeast Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Snake-bite included in the WHO’s (World Health Organization) list of neglected tropical diseases. The load of snakebite in Ethiopia is unknown, perhaps because of underreporting. No study done on existing data at Godey hospital. Therefore, the aim of current study was, to characterize the distribution of victims by time, place, and person, to know the extent of the problem and coming with recommendation.Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study at Godey hospital from May 15-22/2016. We collected data, which describe the characteristics of snakebite according to the age, sex, kebeles from which cases came, woredas, and final patient’s outcome. We included all cases visited emergency wards from September 2014 to May 2016. We entered, cleaned, and analyzed collected data by using Microsoft Excel 2007. Furthermore, we secured permission for data collection from hospitals officials.Result: Starting from September 2014 to May 2016, 45 snakebite victims were reported. The death was 2 making a Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of 4.4%. The age ranges from 1 year to 60 years, with a mean age of 20.1 years. Majority 26(57.8%) of were those age group ranging from 1 to 15, while least (6.7%) age group was those from 31 to 45. About 75.6% of cases were those under 30 years. Majority 30(66.7%) of cases were male. About 91.1% of cases were reported from rural kebeles of Godey woreda. The bites were reported in all months of the years except January, and a peak report was in May. Low extremity accounts to majority (65%) of site of bites. Under registration of patients, morbidity, mortality, and not registering important variable were among problem remarked.Conclusion: This was snakebite among patients seen at Godey hospital in which males affected more than females, and maximum snakebite incidence viewed in rural concerns. Registration of patients’ improvement, further region wide study to document the most common venomous snakes’ species, incidence, morbidity, and mortality of snakebites in Ethiopian Somali Region, are among recommendation.