Introduction Neonatal septicaemia is one of the most common leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. It is estimated to affect more than 30 million people worldwide annually, potentially leading to 6 million deaths. Objective(s) To determine the prevalence, bacteriological profile, antibiotic susceptibility and factors associated with neonatal septicaemia among neonates suspected to sepsis at Kilembe mines hospital. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study, where purposive sampling technique was used and blood was drawn from 122 neonates suspected to sepsis attending Kilembe Mines Hospital during the period (July to November 2020). Specimens were inoculated in Brain heart infusion broth, transported to Fortportal Regional Referral Hospital, plated daily up to 7 days on blood, chocolate, MacConkey agar and incubated in aerobic and 5% carbondioxide. Pure colonies were identified by Gram stain, biochemical tests and antibiotic sensitivities obtained by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Associations were tested using Chi square with Fisher’s exact or Yates correction tests where necessary and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Stata (version 14) used for statistical analysis. Results Blood cultures were positive in 59.0% cases with 55.5% male and 44.4% female. EOS was present in 56.9% and LOS 43.1% of the cases. Gram negative (56.9%) organisms were most implicated with neonatal septicaemia than Gram positives ones (43.1%). Gram positive organisms exhibited better susceptibility to amikacin, linezolid and vancomycin but more resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin. Of the aminoglycosides, amikacin exhibited a verge over netilmicin and gentamicin against Gram negative isolates. Risk factors of neonatal septicaemia were mother’s age of ≥25 years, employed mothers, tertiary-level of education, SVD, ANC attendance of ≥4 times, UTI during pregnancy, PROMS, foul Smelling liquor, urban residence, neonatal birth weight of ≥2500 g, Apgar score 1st and 5th min ≥6 and resuscitation. Conclusion Multi-drug resistant organisms were isolated. Therefore caution is required in selection of antibiotic therapy and avoid empirical treatment.

Breastfeeding (BF) has been a proven means of providing young infants with the nutrients required for healthy growth and development. The process has also been known to reduce common childhood infections, which are the causes of high mortality and morbidity.  Hence in achieving the best practice of BF, both knowledge and techniques are essential. Therefore, the study aims to assess the knowledge and practice on BF among mothers whose children were admitted at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive hospital-based carried out in the pediatric ward of MMH from April 2020 to July 2020 after approval by the hospital's health and ethics committee. Questionnaires were deployed to interview all consenting participants who were mothers aged from 18 to 50 years, breastfeeding a child, and having at least one previous child who had been breastfed earlier (Above 2 years) at the time of the study.  Selected questions were used to assess and categorized a total of 199 mothers who were recruited into the study as those with knowledge, those without knowledge on Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), breastfeeding (BF) for 2 years, and breastfeeding techniques (BFT). Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Differences at P < 0.05 were considered significant. About 76.9% of the mothers studied had knowledge of EBF, while 65% had knowledge of BF for two years. A total of 42 (21.1%) had children below 6 months and were still BF, with the remaining 157(78.9%) having children above 6 months. Among the 157, only 58 (37%) practice EBF for 6 months. Also, 130 (65.3%) mothers breastfed their children up to 2 years in their previous child's upbringing. Most of them (42%) stopped because they became pregnant. The breastfeeding technique (BFT) was affected by the mother's age but not education level, as more of the older mothers had good positions and attachments than the younger ones. On overall techniques, 58.5% had good attachment compared to 49.7% who had proper position. Although most mothers were aware of the knowledge of EBF for 6 months, the practice is still low. However, older mothers, particularly the age group 31-40, have good BFT compared to younger mothers. There is a need for more education on EBF, BF, and BFT among women during Antenatal Clinic (ANC) and after delivery during the monthly clinic.

BackgroundWorld Health Organization approximates that one in four individuals have had at least one UTI episode requiring treatment with an antimicrobial agent by the teen age. At Nakivale refugee camp, the overwhelming number of refugees often associated with poor living conditions such as communal bathrooms and toilets and multiple sex partners do predispose the refuges to urinary tract infections.AimTo determine the prevalence of bacterial community-onset urinary tract infections among refugees in Nakivale refugee settlement and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolated pathogens.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional study, that included 216 outpatients attending Nakivale Health Centre III between July and September 2020.ResultsPrevalence of UTI was 24.1% (52/216). The majority 86(39.81%) of the refugees were from DR Congo, followed by those from Somalia 58(26.85%). The commonest causative agent was Staphylococcus aureus 22/52 (42.31%) of total isolates, followed by Escherichia coli 21/52(40.38%). Multidrug resistant isolates accounted for 71.15% (37/52) and mono resistance was 26.92% (14/52). Out of the 52 bacterial isolates, 30 (58%) were Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase organisms (ESBLs). Twenty-one (70.0%) isolates were ESBL producers while 9(30%) were non-ESBL producers. Both blaTEM and blaCTX-M were 62.5% each while blaSHV detected was 37.5%.ConclusionsThe prevalence of UTI among refugees in Nakivale settlement is high with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as the commonest causes of UTI. There is a high rate of multidrug resistance to common drugs used to treat UTI. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae is high and the common ESBL genes are blaTEM and blaCTX-