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Monopile foundations are frequently used for offshore wind energy converters. These piles are highly laterally loaded structures with large horizontal forces and bending moments. Due to the harsh environmental conditions in the southern North Sea diameters of 4 to 8 m are required to maintain serviceability. In common practice smaller laterally loaded pipe piles are designed using the well-known p-y-method, in which the pile-soil stiffness is considered by nonlinear p-y-curves derived from field tests. An alternative design method is the strain wedge method in which the pile response is derived from the stress-strain relationship of the soil assuming a certain failure zone ahead of the pile. In the present paper, the design of a large diameter monopile foundation for typical loading conditions is presented. The pile response in cohesionless soil determined by the p-y method and the strain wedge method is compared with a finite element (FE) analysis with respect to scale effects when extrapolated from commonly used pipe pile diameters to large size monopiles.

The tested whitening agent did not affect the surface roughness of either resin-based restorative material. Both materials became brighter after whitening. The behavior of the materials in the yellow/blue axis was opposite to each other after whitening. Each material had clinically unacceptable color change after whitening (ΔE > 5.5); however, the magnitude of the color change of materials was similar (p > 0.05). According to the results of this study, with the use of materials tested, patients should be advised that existing composite restorations may bleach along with the natural teeth, and replacement of these restorations after whitening may not be required.

The majority of maxillary defects can be rehabilitated with conventional simple obturator prosthesis. However, inadequate retention, stability and support may be associated with the use of an obturator. Precision attachments have been used to retain obturators for some time. The use of precision attachments in a dentate maxillectomy patient can yield significant functional improvement while maintaining the obturator’s aesthetic advantages. This clinical report describes the prosthetic rehabilitation of two maxillary defects with an obturator retained using extracoronal resilient precision attachments.

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