Objective: This study aimed to assess the fracture resistance of primary molars restored with endocrowns compared to prefabricated zirconia crowns. Methods: Twelve sound, defect-free primary second molars were selected and divided into two groups: group I included 6 molars restored with zirconia crowns, while group II included 6 teeth restored with endocrowns. For both groups access cavity was prepared for the teeth to open pulp chamber. Fracture resistance of both groups was tested using a universal testing machine. Results: Zirconia crown showed statistically significantly higher mean fracture resistance than Endocrown (P-value = 0.001, Effect size = 2.72). Conclusion: Pulpotomized primary molars restored with Zirconia crowns showed significantly higher mean fracture resistance compared to primary molars restored with endocrowns, meanwhile both restorations have shown higher mean fracture resistance than the maximum biting force in children. Keywords  Composite resins; Endocrown; Fracture strength; Zirconia crowns.

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Introduction: Prefabricated zirconia crowns have many merits when compared to Stainless Steel Crowns (SSCs). The high cost and duration of the crowns are among the most prominent disadvantages that hinder the wide range of use of zirconia crowns. Methods:This cross sectional study included a questionnaire sent to pediatric dentists to request the parents of their child patients to fill in via email. The questionnaire consisted of six sections: Type of Crown, Personal Data and Sociodemographic, Parental Satisfaction, Cost Effectiveness, Longevity and Potential Difficulty Experienced.Results: There was no difference in the overall satisfaction between the groups in terms of gender distribution and parent/guardian occupation and education. Regarding color, SSCs showed lower satisfaction compared to zirconia crowns. Crown shape showed same level of satisfaction in both groups. For size and number of visits, SSCs showed higher satisfaction than zirconia crown. Higher percentage of parents reported that SSCs have reasonable price while zirconia crowns are expensive. Higher stability was observed with SSCs for less than 6 months and from 6-12 months while for zirconia crowns stability was more than 12 months. Zirconia crowns showed higher prevalence of bleeding and food accumulation compared to SSCs. There was no difference between the two groups regarding tooth sensitivity. Conclusion:There is increasing demand for aesthetic restoration of deciduous teeth in the field of pediatric dentistry. Most parents prefer zirconia crowns when compared to SSCs, and they recommend this type for others despite its high cost.

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Introduction: In modern operative dentistry in the field of pediatric dentistry Er,Cr:YSGG laser is suitable for cavity preparation in deciduous molars because it have many advantages. Microleakage is one of the major problems that influence the longevity for the resin-based dental restorations. The purpose of the current study is comparing the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser and conventional conditioning on the microleakage in cavity class V restored by composite resin and conventional flowable composite in deciduous molars. Materials and methods: A standard class V cavity were prepared at the buccal or lingual surface of forty-eight freshly extracted caries-free human deciduous molars which were divided into 2 groups according to the mode of conditioning: group 1: by using Er,Cr:YSGG laser; group 2: by using conventional conditioning. The samples were subjected to thermocycling and dying step. Results: Laser conditioning showed statistically significantly lower mean microleakage scores than conventional technique (P-value <0.001) and (P-value = 0.001), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between mean microleakage scores of the two composite types (P-value = 0.054) and (P-value = 0.096), respectively. Conclusion: Conditioning by Er,Cr:YSGG Laser is better than conventional method as regards microleakage and no significant difference between composite resin and conventional flowable composite clinically.