These data illustrate the difficulty in obtaining high levels of adherence in field conditions in Abidjan. Sustainable access to treatment should be promoted by combating access barriers such as running out of drugs and costs that are too high.

RESUME L'écorce de racines de Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight et Arn. (Fabaceae) est traditionnellement utilisée, par trituration aqueuse en instillations nasales, pour traiter l'asthme en Côte d'Ivoire. Des propriétés antispasmodiques sur la musculature lisse du tractus respiratoire d'une part, des propriétés antioxydante et analgésique d'autre part, d'un extrait hydro-éthanolique de cette partie de la plante, ont précédemment été mises en évidence. Les présentes investigations ont consisté en l'évaluation de paramètres cliniques, hématologiques et biochimiques au cours d'une étude de toxicité subaiguë des doses pharmacologiquement actives du même extrait de la drogue végétale. Les tests réalisés, par administration orale de l'extrait à 10, 100, et 1000 mg/kg pc chez des rats de souche Wistar, conformément aux lignes directrices de l'OCDE 407, n'ont pas mis en évidence d'effets toxiques significatifs ni sur les mensurations corporelles (température et poids), ni sur les éléments figurés du sang, ni sur les activités des transaminases ou sur les fonctions métaboliques glucidique et rénale. Ces résultats suggèrent que, dans l'usage antiasthmatique traditionnel de la crise d'asthme, l'extrait ne contient pas de substances mortelles sur 28 jours. Toutefois, des études de toxicité chronique seraient requises pour attester l'innocuité de l'écorce de racines de Dichrostachys cinerea dans un usage au long cours.

Background: Multiple biochemical parameters related to cytolysis, cholestasis and/or liver failure, can be used to evaluate liver tolerance to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. what parameters are most suitable for monitoring early hepatic tolerance in the developing countries? Objective: to evaluate liver tolerance to NVP (nevirapine) or EFV (efavirenz)- based regimens during the first six months. Method: This is a preliminary prospective cohort study with 125 naive ivorian HIV1-infected patients, by observing the level of ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotrans- ferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase), and TBR (total bilirubin). Results: variable changes are noticed in the level of various biochemical parameters from M0 to M6. Nevertheless, we found that the values of these parameters studied fall within normal ranges except for GGT which showed an increased level with NVP-based regimen. Biological liver tolerance to NVP or EFV-based regimen was good at M3 and M6 during therapy. The percentage of patients who had elevated ALT activity had tripled with each ARV regimen from M3 to M6. We noticed a decrease in the median value of transaminases (ALT and AST) from M0 to M6. This decrease was statistically significant for patients on EFV-based regimen from M0 to M3 and from M0 to M6. The ALP enzymes were the least affected after initiation of therapy, regardless of the regimen taken. In general,we noticed an hepatotoxicity of grade 1 or 2, in the two ARV regimens. The hepatotoxicity of grade 3 or 4 were rare (only with transaminases and GGT). Conclusion: we suggest a study of longer duration involving more patients, probably limited to the monitoring of transaminases (ALT and AST) and GGT, due to the results more or less sensitive about them in our analysis

Aim of study: Inflammation was associated with many diseases in humans. Crinum species have a considerable medicinal reputation as potent folkloric remedies. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Crinum scillifolium bulbs in in vivo models. Materials and methods: The anti-inflammatory effect of Crinum scillifolium extracts was also evaluated in carrageenan-induced paw edema models and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels was measured. Two doses 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight for each extract, were tested. The results obtained were compared with those of the standard drug (Diclofenac at 25 mg/kg body weight) and those of the control (normal saline). Results: The results showed a highly significant decrease in the edema size (p < 0.01) and significant decrease in CRP values (p < 0.01) compared to control group when the animals were treated with diclofenac at 25 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts. Conclusion: The study suggests that the extracts possess enough potential to reduce inflammation on rat model and directs the importance of further research and development of novel anti-inflammatory agents.

Herbal preparations are commonly used by low-income populations to treat diabetes. The objective of this work was to evaluate interaction between Sarenta remedy with antidiabetic drug such as glibenclamide. Experimental study was carried out according to protocol described by Kambouche. Before giving different solutions on study, baseline blood glucose was taken using "One call plus" glucometer, then glycaemia measure was determined every hour (T1h, T2h, T3h, T4h and T5h). Sarenta (3.33 mg b.w.) + glibenclamide (10 mg b.w.) significant decreased sugar blood at 1 st to 2 nd hour followed by hypoglycemia from 3rd to 5th hour. Glycemia reduction was respectively 24.83% (T2h); 37.66% (T3h); 46.50% (T4h) and 55.33% (T5h). Sarenta (6.66 mg b.w.) + glibenclamide (10 mg b.w.), also decreased glycaemia from 1 st to 2 nd hour around 15.41% (T2h), then reached normal value from 2 nd to 5 th hour. The last combination Sarenta (13.33 mg b.w.) + Glibenclamide (10 mg b.w.) had same effects as previously with normal glycaemia value close to 12.25% (T2h). Sarenta (6.66 and 13.33 mg b.w.) + glibenclamide 10 mg b.w. interaction lowered hyperglycemia without induced hypoglycemia. This euglycemic effect makes this remedy a potential phytomedicine candidate that could be combined with conventional drugs for diabetes treatment.