The results of this study suggest that proinflammatory cytokines show some changes during the course of treatment of major depression. These findings might also be considered as supporting the hypothesis of a modulatory role of antidepressants on the immune system.

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CitationToker I, Ayrık C, Bozkurt S, et al. ABSTRACTObjective: Despite the increasing concerns on burnout and job satisfaction in health-care professional, very few studies have examined resident physicians in Turkey. This study was aimed to determine the factors affecting burnout and job satisfaction among emergency medicine residents in Turkey. Method: An number of 410 emergency medicine residents including e-mail addresses registered to Emergency Medicine Associations received questionnaire forms previously prepared on an internet-based questionnaire site. Participants were asked to fill out Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) and socio-demographic data form. Results: Decrease in depersonalization grades and increase in personal accomplishment grades with the advancing age were found. Residents who had an experience greater than 10 years in the profession showed lower depersonalization grades in comparison with the beginners. Residents who could not reach a consultant for patient evaluation presented higher emotional exhaustion grades. Also residents who felt appreciated in work place and work in concert with the staff had lower burnout grades and higher job satisfaction grades. An increase in the average number of patients seen per day was found out to boost emotional exhaustion grades. Also the visible increase in the time spent for social activities during the week reduced emotional exhaustion and depersonalization grades while increasing personal accomplishment grades. Residents who were exposed to daily violence had lower job satisfaction grades and higher emotional exhaustion and depersonalization grades than those experienced violence on a monthly basis. Increase of job satisfaction was accompanied by a decreased burnout level. Conclusion: Emergency medicine residents have high burnout levels. For diminished burnout level and enhancement of job satisfaction in emergency medicine, adjustments like social support, workload, workplace stress and prevention of violence would be useful.

The patient who presents for aesthetic surgery possesses various demands depending on the characteristic properties of the individual. Evaluation of self-esteem, body image and eating habits in patients of aesthetic surgery could help in understanding patients and their demands. We performed Rosenberg Scale Test for evaluation of self-esteem on 98 patients who presented for any kind of aesthetic surgery. Seventy-five patients who required no operation for body fat tissue were give body imaging scale and eating attitude scale tests. The results of the tests revealed an increase in the self-esteem of the patients, but it was not statistically significant. There was a minor disturbance in the body imaging scale without any statistical significance ( p > 0.05). The eating attitude of the patients indicated a disturbance with a ratio of 10% ( p < 0.01), and these patients were referred to psychiatrists. Even if patients of aesthetic surgery have no disorder in the perception of their body images, they reflect their aesthetic problems in their eating attitude; however they have no problem in the fat tissue distribution of their body. The aesthetic imperfection could impede the normal daily life of a patient and adaptation to the social life, and this defect is a health problem that should be solved as soon as possible.