Detection of thyroid carcinoma has been steadily increased in the past few decades. After the recognition of NIFTP, also gain importance to differentiate benign tumors (follicular adenoma) from follicular patterned variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (invasive and infiltrative follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma), and low-risk lesions of thyroid (NIFTP). Follicular patterned proliferations of thyroid still persists as a battle for pathologists. In this study, we aimed to analyze the most commonly used immunohistochemical stains "HBME1, CK19, Galectin-3", adding the new ones "CD56, CD57, and p63". Study groups were; nodular hyperplasia, follicular adenoma, NIFTP, infiltrative follicular variant PTC, classical variant PTC (CVPTC) and follicular carcinoma. Each group consisted of twenty cases. The sections were stained with CD56, CD57, p63, CK19, HBME1 (Mesotel cell), Galectin-3 antibody. Although the expression of CD56 was high in benign follicular lesions, FC could not be excluded in this group. CD57 was high in malignant follicular group and NIFTP. Interestingly, p63 was found highly expressed in FVPTC, which might be promising to predict invasiveness in follicular group of lesions. CK19, Galectin-3 and HBME1 were found quietly prominent in CVPTC in concordance with the previous reports.

Background Turkey hosts the world’s largest community of Syrians displaced by the conflict. The Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) is a coordinated set of priority reproductive health services. There is not any scoping review assessing the RH situation of Syrian refugees in Turkey within the framework of the MISP objectives. The objectives of this review is to identify the situation of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) among Syrian refugee women in Turkey, and document the health services provided for them in terms of the components of MISP. We hoped to show evidence of gaps and help guide future research to focus on priority areas to improve the range, quality, and access to SRH services and to recommend public health interventions. Method The literature search was conducted in Turkish and English. Multiple electronic databases (Turkish Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EBSCOHost, CINAHL, and Embase) were searched from January 2011 to May 2018. References published in the peer-reviewed literature, the grey-literature, and on websites were eligible for inclusion if they had conducted research on one or more of the following SRH topics specifically for Syrian women in Turkey: maternal and neonatal health/antenatal care, HIV and sexually transmitted infections, use of contraceptives, sexual violence, and services delivery and accessibility. References were excluded if any of the following criteria were relevant: not specific to Syrian women refugees in Turkey. Firstly, the titles and abstracts of the articles that were found were examined to determine if they met the eligibility criteria. Secondly, if the abstracts and titles met one or more of the eligibility criteria, the full text of the articles have been examined. Finally, standard forms were prepared and used to summarize the articles narratively. The results of the screening were recorded in Excel spreadsheets for comparison, and any disagreements among the researchers were resolved by consensus. The studies were grouped according to the MISP objectives. Results A total of 24 publications were eligible for inclusion in the review. Consanguineous marriage rate was 56%. The rate of marriage under age 18 were very high. Mean age at first marriage was found to be between 18 and 20. The rate of antenatal care was inadequate. The rate of using a modern contraceptive method was 24% among married and all age groups of Syrian women. The rates of unmet family planning needs were about 35%. Among patients admitted to gynecology outpatient clinics, about half of the applicants were reported to have abnormal vaginal discharge. The reported rates of sexual violence were about 8%. Only 20% of Syrian women had regular gynecological visits. Conclusion Overall, we conclude that early marriage, low modern contraceptive use, unmet need for contraception, sexual and gender-based violence are the major SRH issues reported. There is a need for further studies to identify the barriers limiting service uptake as well as to document successful practices. Long term strategies to improve the SRH status of Syrian refugee women should be developed with participation of all stakeholders. This review is significant in terms of that it is the first scoping review assessing the RH situation of Syrian refugees in Turkey within the framework of the MISP objectives. Based on the data of this review, relevant policy makers should consider to improve the SRH status of Syrian women refugees in Turkey.

Background:The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease. From the perspective of hospital workers (HWs), employees are at risk of hepatitis B infection because of occupational exposure. Apart from this occupational risk, health professionals may still be affected by HBV, depending on the epidemiological characteristics of the country and geographical region they live in.Objectives: This study aimed to determine HBV, HCV, and HIV seroprevalence among HWs using data obtained from 21 hospitals located in six geographical regions in Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective, multicentre, descriptive study. Twenty hospitals from Turkey and one hospital from the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus were involved in the study. The variables of the study were vaccination status against HBV and hepatitis A and HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBcIgG, anti-HAV IgG, anti-HCV, anti-HDV, and anti-HIV serology results belonging to the previous year.Results: Women constituted 58.9% (n = 5,622) of the HWs included in the study. The mean age was 36.3 ± 9.09 years (min = 18, max = 72). In terms of occupation, 42.5% (n = 4,064) were nurses/health officers, and 24.8% (n = 2365) were physicians. HBsAg seroprevalence was found to be 1.8% (n = 169; 95% CI = 1.5% -2.0%), while anti-HBs seropositivity was 75.7% (n = 7,234). About 7.3% (n = 701) had natural immunity to hepatitis B. About 21.6% (n = 2,066) of the HWs did not receive hepatitis B vaccine. Conclusions: This study is the first study involving a large sample size from different locations of Turkey. According to the results, hepatitis B and hepatitis A vaccines should be administered to susceptible individuals and HWs.

Ayşe Nur USTURALI MUT Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Halk Sağlığı AD 35100, Bornova, İZMİR ÖZ Amaç: İzmir-Bornova'nın üç semtinde yaşayan, 2013 Nisan-Haziran ayları arasında gebe olan kadınların ağız-diş sağlığı hizmeti gereksinimlerinin, bu hizmetlerden yararlanma düzeylerinin ve bu düzeyin bir dizi sosyoekonomik değişken ile ilişkisinin değer-lendirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel araştırmada 2013 Nisan-Haziran aylarında Bornova'nın Mevlana, Naldöken ve Altındağ semtlerinde yaşayan tüm gebelere (n=289) ulaşılması hedeflenmiş, ancak %85,8'i (n=248) çalışmaya katılmıştır. Araştırmada diş hekimi muayenelerinin yanı sıra anket uygulanmıştır. Ağız-diş sağlığı gereksinimi iki şekilde tanım-lanmıştır; 1) diş muayenesinde çürük ve/veya protez gerektiren eksik diş ve / veya dişeti hastalığı varlığı, 2) algılanan gereksinim. Hizmetlerden yararlanma düzeyinin sorgulanması amacıyla, kadınların son bir yıl içinde ve gebeliklerinde diş hekimine gidip gitmedikleri saptanmıştır. Bağımsız değişkenler sosyodemografik-ekonomik durum, genel sağlık düzeyi ve ağız-diş sağlığı düzeyi ile ilgili öz değerlendirme olarak gruplanmıştır. Bulgular: Çürük ve/veya protez gerektiren eksik dişe bağlı olarak gebelerin %90,7'sinin, dişeti hastalığı nedeniyle de %56,9'unun tedavi gereksinimi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna göre, gebelerin %94,4'ü hizmete gereksinim duymaktadır. Bu gebelerin %39,3'ü son bir yıl içinde ve %6'sı gebeliği sırasında diş hekimine gidebilmiştir. Geliri asgari ücretin üs-tünde olan gebelerde son bir yılda diş hekimi ziyareti olasılığı 2,05 kat yüksek bulunmuştur. Gebelerin sadece %31'i kendisine bir diş hekimi tarafından dişlerinin nasıl temizlenmesi gerektiğinin gösterildiğini ve %7,3'ü herhangi bir sağlık çalışanı tarafından gebelik dönemine özel ağız-diş sağlığı sorunları hakkında bilgilendirildiğini ifade etmiş-tir. Sonuç: Araştırma grubunun ağız-diş sağlığı gereksinimleri büyük oranda karşılanma-maktadır ve diş hekimliği hizmetlerinden yararlanma açısından gelir düzeyine bağlı *Bu çalışma 16. Ulusal Halk Sağlığı Kongresi'ne (2013-Antalya) poster bildiri olarak katılmıştır.

Objective: Influenza is a systemic infectious disease. It is recommended that all pregnant women receive the influenza vaccine because the mortality of the disease is high during pregnancy. However, the rates of influenza vaccination in pregnant women are low. This study aims to estimate the rate at which Turkish gynecologists and obstetricians (GOs) recommend the influenza vaccine to their pregnant patients.. Materials and Methods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. The sample size was calculated to be 364 based on 95% confidence interval and 5% margin of error. The data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of 17 questions, which was distributed through social media. The final study group included in the research consisted of 384 GOs. Results:The mean age of the GOs that participated in the study was 39.7 years (SD = 10.2). 43.5% of the GOs reported that they recommended the influenza vaccine to pregnant women who had consulted with them, while 62.8% reported that at least 50% of the pregnant women they had recommended the vaccine rejected it. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, three factors increased the rate of GOs’ not to recommend influenza vaccination: the GOs’ age, not receiving influenza vaccination themselves, and not knowing the social insurance reimbursement for the vaccine. Conclusion: Vaccination of pregnant women is necessary because of the increased mortality risk of influenza during pregnancy. Even though GOs are not in charge of vaccinating their patients during their routine pregnancy follow-up, they can contribute to vaccination rates by recommending the vaccine. Physicians’ application of scientific knowledge and transferring it to their patients can contribute to increased adult immunization rates. Conclusion: Influenza, Influenza Vaccine, Pregnancy, Vaccination, Viral Infections