Background: Repeated injections may prevent children from performing insulin administration (skip dosing) and may cause anxiety. Aims:To compare the effect of ShotBlocker and the combination of vibration and cold application (Buzzy) in reducing pain during insulin administration in children.

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AimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of distraction cards in reducing pain and anxiety during intramuscular (IM) injection in children aged between 6 and 11 years.MethodsSixty children were randomized into two groups, the distraction group and controls. The children in the distraction group viewed distraction cards during the procedure. The children in the control group were allowed to have their family nearby when the routine injection procedure was performed, but no distraction techniques were employed. Children's Fear Scale was used to assess children's anxiety levels. Pain levels were assessed using the Wong‐Baker FACES pain rating scale via self‐reports, which were completed by the children and also by the parents and observer.ResultsThere were significant differences in the self‐, parent‐, and observer‐reported pain and parent‐ and observer‐reported anxiety levels between the distraction and control groups.Linking Evidence to ActionDistraction methods, such as distraction cards, should be used as a nursing intervention to reduce pain and anxiety during IM injection in children. This study contributes to the literature on nonpharmacologic pain relief methods during IM injection in children.

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Background:Ethics is defined as the entirety of moral principles that form the basis of individuals’ behavior; it can also be defined as “moral theory” or “theoretical ethics”.Objectives:To determinate information and applications related to ethical codes of pediatric nurses.Patients and Methods:Participants were nurses attending the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nursing Course and the Pediatric Nursing Course conducted in Istanbul between September 2011 and December 2012. A total of nurses attending the courses at the specified dates and who agreed to participate in the study were included in the analysis. Data were collected through a questionnaire that we developed in accordance with current literature on nursing ethics.Results140 nurses participated in this study. Information and applications were related to ethical codes of nurses including four categories; autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice. The principle of confidentiality/keeping secrets. Exactly 64.3% of nurses reported having heard of nursing ethical codes. The best-known ethical code was the principle of justice. Furthermore, while the rates were generally low, some nurses engaged in unethical practices such as patient discrimination and prioritizing acquaintances.Conclusions:We conclude that most nurses working in pediatric clinics act in compliance with ethical codes. We also found that the majority of nurses wanted to learn about ethical codes. For this reason, we recommended that nurses working in clinics and future nurses in training be informed of the appropriate ethical behavior and codes.